Bedienungsanleitung Acronis True Image Home 2009 (Seite 123 von 136) (Englisch)

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Appendix A. Partitions and file systems

A.1 Hard disk partitions

The mechanism that allows you to install several operating systems on a single PC

or to carve up a single physical disk drive into multiple “logical” disk drives is called

partitioning.

Partitioning is performed by special applications. In MS-DOS and Windows, these

are FDISK and Disk Administrator.

Partitioning programs perform the following:

• create a primary partition

• create an extended partition that can be split into several logical disks

• set an active partition (applied to a single primary partition only)

Information about partitions on a hard disk is stored in a special disk area – in the 1

sector

of cylinder 0, head 0, which is called the partition table. This sector is called the master

boot record, or MBR.

A physical hard disk might contain up to four partitions. This limit is forced by the partition

table that is suitable for four strin

s only. However, this does not mean you can have only

four operatin

systems on your PC! Applications called disk mana

ers support far more

operating systems on disks. For example, Acronis OS Selector, a component of Acronis Disk

Director Suite, enables you to install up to 100 operating systems!

A.2 File systems

An operating system gives the user the ability to work with data by supporting a

certain type of file system on a partition.

All file systems are made of structures that are necessary to store and manage

data. These structures are usually composed of operating system boot sectors,

folders and files. File systems perform the following basic functions:

• track occupied and free disk space (and bad sectors, if any)

• support folders and file names

• track physical location of files on disks

Different operating systems use different file systems. Some operating systems are

able to work with only one file system, while others can use several of them. Here

are some of the most widely used file systems:

A.2.1 FAT16

The FAT16 file system is widely used by DOS (DR-DOS, MS-DOS, PC-DOS,

PTS-DOS, etc.), Windows 98/Me, and Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista operating systems

and is supported by most other systems.

The main features of FAT16 are the file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. FAT is

the core of the file system. To increase data safety, it is possible to have several

copies of the FAT (there are usually two of them) on a single disk. A cluster is a

minimum data storage unit in the FAT16 file system. One cluster contains a fixed

number of sectors. FAT stores information about what clusters are free, what

clusters are bad, and also defines in which clusters files are stored.

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