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About XML and XSLT

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Using XML and XSL with web pages

Server-side XSL transformations

Client-side XSL transformations

XML data and repeating elements

Previewing XML data

Using XML and XSL with web pages

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a language that lets you structure information. Like HTML, XML lets you structure your information using

tags, but XML tags are not predefined as HTML tags are. Instead, XML lets you create tags that best define your data structure (schema). Tags

are nested within others to create a schema of parent and child tags. Like most HTML tags, all tags in an XML schema have an opening and

closing tag.

The following example shows the basic structure of an XML file:

<?xml version="1.0">

<title>Displaying XML Data with Adobe Dreamweaver</title>

<author>Charles Brown</author>

</book>

<title>Understanding XML</title>

<author>John Thompson</author>

</book>

</mybooks>

In this example, each parent <book> tag contains three child tags: <pubdate>, <title>, and <author>. But each <book> tag is also a child tag of the

<mybooks> tag, which is one level higher in the schema. You can name and structure XML tags in any way, provided that you nest tags

accordingly within others, and assign each opening tag a corresponding closing tag.

XML documents do not contain any formatting—they are simply containers of structured information. Once you have an XML schema, you can use

the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) to display the information. In the way that Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) let you format HTML, XSL lets

you format XML data. You can define styles, page elements, layout, and so forth in an XSL file and attach it to an XML file so that when a user

views the XML data in a browser, the data is formatted according to whatever you’ve defined in the XSL file. The content (the XML data) and

presentation (defined by the XSL file) are entirely separate, providing you with greater control over how your information appears on a web page.

In essence, XSL is a presentation technology for XML, where the primary output is an HTML page.

Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) is a subset language of XSL that actually lets you display XML data on a web page, and

“transform” it, along with XSL styles, into readable, styled information in the form of HTML. You can use Dreamweaver to create XSLT pages that

let you perform XSL transformations using an application server or a browser. In a server-side XSL transformation, the server does the work of

transforming the XML and XSL, and displaying it on the page. In a client-side transformation, a browser (such as Internet Explorer) does the work.

The approach you ultimately take (server-side transformations versus client-side transformations) depends on what you are trying to achieve as an

end result, the technologies available to you, the level of access you have to XML source files, and other factors. Both approaches have their own

benefits and limitations. For example, server-side transformations work in all browsers while client-side transformations are restricted to modern

browsers only (Internet Explorer 6, Netscape 8, Mozilla 1.8, and Firefox 1.0.2). Server-side transformations let you display XML data dynamically

from your own server or from anywhere else on the web, while client-side transformations must use XML data that is locally hosted on your own

web server. Finally, server-side transformations require that you deploy your pages to a configured application server, while client-side

transformations only require access to a web server.

For a tutorial about understanding XML, see www.adobe.com/go/vid0165.

Server-side XSL transformations

Dreamweaver provides methods for creating XSLT pages that let you perform server-side XSL transformations. When an application server

performs the XSL transformation, the file containing the XML data can reside on your own server, or anywhere else on the web. Additionally, any

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