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proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is directly
applicable to human populations, but 10 or more years’ follow-up may be needed to provide answers
about some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure
to a cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do -may be many, many years. The
interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure
during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at
which the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.
6. What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of wireless phone
RF?
FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of investigators around
the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to address important questions
about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF). FDA has been a leading participant in
the World Health Organization International Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception
in 1996. An influential result of this work has been the development of a detailed agenda of research
needs that has driven the establishment of new research programs around the world. The Project
has also helped develop a series of public information documents on EMF issues. FDA and the
Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) have a formal Cooperative Research
and Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless phone safety. FDA provides the
scientific oversight, obtaining input from experts in government, industry, and academic organizations.
CTIA-funded research is conducted through contracts to independent investigators. The initial research
will include both laboratory studies and studies of wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include
a broad assessment of additional research needs in the context of the latest research developments
around the world.
7. How can I find out how much radiofrequency energy exposure I can get by using my
wireless phone?
All phones sold in the United States must comply with Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
guidelines that limit radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures. FCC established these guidelines in
consultation with FDA and the other federal health and safety agencies. The FCC limit for RF exposure
from wireless telephones is set at a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/
kg). The FCC limit is consistent with the safety standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering (IEEE) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. The
exposure limit takes into consideration the body’s ability to remove heat from the tissues that absorb
