Bedienungsanleitung Bresser AR-90 (Seite 33 von 44) (Englisch)

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Twelve Apollo astronauts left their bootprints on the Moon in the late 1960‘s

and early 1970‘s. However, no telescope on Earth is able to see these foot-

prints or any other artifacts. In fact, the smallest lunar features that may be

seen with the largest telescope on Earth are about one-half mile across.

Planets

Planets change positions in the sky as they orbit around the Sun. To

locate the planets on a given day or month, consult a monthly astronomy

magazine, such as Sky and Telescope or Astronomy. Listed below are the

best planets for viewing through the Messier-Series.

Venus is about nine-tenths the diameter of Earth. As Venus orbits the Sun,

observers can see it go through phases (crescent, half, and full) much like

those of the Moon. The disk of Venus appears white as Sunlight is reflected

off the thick cloud cover that completely obscures any surface detail.

Mars is about half the diameter of Earth, and appears through the telescope

as a tiny reddish-orange disk. It may be possible to see a hint of white at

one of the planet’s Polar ice caps. Approximately every two years, when

Mars is closest to Earth in its orbit, additional detail and coloring on the

planet‘s surface may be visible.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system and is eleven times the

diameter of Earth. The planet appears as a disk with dark lines stretch-

ing across the surface (Fig. 43). These lines are cloud bands in the

atmosphere. Four of Jupiter’s moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto)

can be seen as “star-like” points of light when using even the lowest magni-

fication. These moons orbit Jupiter so that the number of moons visible on

any given night changes as they circle around the giant planet.

Saturn is nine times the diameter of Earth and appears as a small, round

disk with rings extending out from either side (Fig. 44). In 1610, Galileo, the

first person to observe Saturn through a telescope, did not understand that

what he was seeing were rings. Instead, he believed that Saturn had “ears.”

Saturn’s rings are composed of billions of ice particles ranging in size from

a speck of dust to the size of a house.

The major division in Saturn‘s rings, called the Cassini Division, is

occasionally visible through the Messier-Series. Titan, the largest of

Saturn’s moons can also be seen as a bright, star-like object near the

planet.

Deep-Sky Objects

Star charts can be used to locate constellations, individual stars and

deep-sky objects. Examples of various deep-sky objects are given below:

Stars are large gaseous objects that are self-illuminated by nuclear fusion

in their core. Because of their vast distances from our solar system, all stars

appear as pinpoints of light, irrespective of the size of the telescope used.

Nebulae are vast interstellar clouds of gas and dust where stars are

formed. Most impressive of these is the Great Nebula in Orion (M42), a

diffuse nebula that appears as a faint wispy gray cloud. M42 is 1600 light

years from Earth. (Fig 45)

Open Clusters are loose groupings of young stars, all recently formed from

the same diffuse nebula. The Pleiades is an open cluster 410 light years

away (Fig. 46). Through the Messier-Series, numerous stars are visible.

Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye!

ap p e n d I x d: ba s I c a s t r o n o m y

Fig. 44: Saturn with its ring system.

Fig. 44a: Saturn, in a higher

magnification. It has the most

extensive ring structure in our

Solar System.

Fig. 45: A favourite Winter object:

M42, the great Orion Nebula.

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