Bedienungsanleitung Echowell Opal-400 (Seite 10 von 15) (Englisch)

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READ THE FOLLOWING BEFORE

USING THE PULSPORTS

The human body requires water, air, sunlight and food to maintain

life. Water, vitamin, fibrin, carbohydrates, proteins and fat are the

main elements in food. The three primary elements -- carbohydrates,

protein and fat -- provide energy to body by burning oxygen.

Normally, five Kcal will be used for one liter of oxygen. The burning

oxygen is directly proportional with the generated of energy.

Correlation of Basic Metabolism and Heart Rate

Thus, when the body requires more oxygen to burn, the frequency of

breathing and heartbeat will increase to provide more oxygen.

Basic energy requirements

ETotal =basic metabolism + energy consumption -- Formula (1)

VO2 =1 MET + O2 -- Formula (2)

1. Basic metabolism

Energy will be expended even while we sit at rest; the

consumption of oxygen is approximately 3.5 value called MET

(Metabolic Equivalent). The minimum energy for maintaining the

daily operation of body is called basic metabolism.

Basic metabolism (O2) = 1 MET = 3.5 mℓ O2/minute/kg

O2 = 3.5 mℓ x 60 x 24 / kg / day = 5.04 ℓ/kg/day

Kcal = 5.04 x 5 Kcal/kg/day = 25.2 Kcal/kg/day (1 ℓ O2 = 5 Kcal)

For example, the basic metabolism for a 70 kg is 1764

Kcal/day. (25.2 x 70)

2. Energy consumption by through work or exercise

The Body needs energy to Work or to exercise. Only 22~25% (23%)

of generated energy is used efficiently; i.e. in generating 1 Kcal of

energy, the body expends approximately 4~5 Kcal. This means that

between 75~80% of energy is transformed into heat, which is

released by perspiring.

3. Maximum ingestion of oxygen (VO2_max) and maximum

heart rate measurement

According to formula (1) and (2) above, the body’s required

energy, ingestion of oxygen, weight and work/exercise-load are

proportional, as shown in the graph below:

According to formula (2), an increase in work/exercise load will

cause a proportional increase in output energy and VO2. However,

the output energy of the body is limited, because the lungs and

heart cannot work unconfined. Hence, physical conditioning is

decided by the maximum ingestion of oxygen; i.e. the individual

with a higher value of maximum ingestion of oxygen is in the

better physical condition. VO2_max can be measured precisely in

lab; the maximum heart rate (HRM_max) can also be measured.

4. Estimated value of maximum heart rate

Referring to the ACSM (American Collage of Sports Medicine)

formula, the maximum heart rate can be estimated as HRM_max

(BPM, beat per minute) = 220 – Age.

This formula should in fact be used merely as reference in the

estimation of maximum heart rate, for in actually the rate will be

affected by weight, physical conditioning and life-behavior

patterns at all ages. Tolerance is approximately is at about 10~12

bpm.

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