Bedienungsanleitung Elektra Beckum SB 200CT (Seite 9 von 14) (Englisch)

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4 Welding Hints

Because of the multitude of and great differences in the important points for welding only the very basic

operations for the most common electrodes for low-carbon steels, the Ti-type electrode, are introduced here.

In the case that other electrodes have to be used, the electrode manufacturers supply upon request all relevant

information for the type of special electrode to be used.

Always make some trial welds on scrap material. Select electrode diameter and welding current as per Table 1.

Attach earth clamp to work piece and place electrode into electrode holder as described earlier. Now hold the

electrode tip approx. 2 cm / 1 inch above the starting point of your welding seam. Hold the welding shield in front

of your face and draw the electrode with a short stroke along the groove. Through the welding shield you watch

the arc, keeping it to a length of 1 to 1.5 times the electrode diameter.

wrong

arc too long

(Pic. 3)

correct

approx. 1 - 1.5 the electrode-Ø

(Pic. 4)

The correct arc length is important for a good weld, because with too short or too long an arc both welding current

and working voltage change. A low working voltage causes insufficient penetration. Too high or too low welding

current gives a poor welding seam. Too long an arc does not sufficiently melt the parent material, resulting in

high spatter losses. Also the air, with its detrimental substances like hydrogen and nitrogen, may get access to

the weld pool.

For a good weld the work angle of the electrode (or electrode inclination angle) is of substantial importance. The

inclination should be 70° - 80° to the welding direction. With the work angle too steep slag will run under the weld

pool, too flat an work angle causes the arc to spatter, in both cases the result is a porous, weak welding seam

(see pictures 5 - 7).

< 70°

welding direction

(Pic. 6)

(Pic. 5)

> 80°

welding direction

(Pic. 7)

70-80°

welding direction

wrong

wrong correct

The welder has to keep the arc at the same length, that is the electrode burn-off is compensated by feeding the

electrode into the weld. At the same time the welder has to watch the weld pool for even penetration and width.

Welding is always done from left to right (backhand welding).

At the end of the welding seam the electrode can not simply be lifted or pulled from the weld, this creates porous

end craters, which weaken the weld. To correctly terminate a weld the electrode is held for a short moment at

the end of the weld seam, then lifted in an arc over the just laid weld.

wrong

(Pic. 8)

correct

(Pic. 9)

Remove slag only after it has cooled down and is no longer glowing.

If an interrupted weld is to be continued, the slag at the end of the already finished weld must be removed. Then

the arc can be started either in the groove or on the weld, as described earlier, and then moved to the end of

the weld, which has to be thoroughly melted for good fusion. Welding is then continued normally.

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