Bedienungsanleitung Graupner MX-16 HoTT (Seite 124 von 200) (Englisch)

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Program description: helicopter mixers / auto-rotation settings

Helicopter mixers

Auto-rotation settings

Auto-rotation allows full-size and model helicopters to

land safely in a crisis, i. e. if the power plant should fail.

It can also be used if the tail rotor should fail, in which

case cutting the motor and carrying out an auto-rotation

landing is the only possible way of avoiding a high-

speed uncontrollable rotation around the vertical axis,

invariably terminating in a catastrophic crash. And that is

the reason why switching INTO auto-rotation occurs with

zero delay.

When you switch to the auto-rotation phase the helicop-

ter mixers change as shown in this screen shot:

tail

ptch

thro

Autorot

gyro

inp8 0%

–90%

During an auto-rotation descent the main rotor is not

driven by the motor; it is kept spinning only by the

airﬂow through the rotor disc caused by the speed of the

descent. The rotational energy stored in the still spinning

rotor can be consumed to allow the machine to ﬂare out,

but this can only be done once. For this reason “autos”

are only likely to be successful if the pilot has plenty of

experience in handling model helicopters, and has also

set up the appropriate functions with great care.

Once you have sufﬁcient experience you should practise

auto-rotation landings at regular intervals, not only so

that you can demonstrate your all-round ﬂying skill by

ﬂying the manoeuvre in competitions, but also so that

you are in a position to land the helicopter undamaged

from a great height if the motor should fail. For this

purpose the program provides a range of adjustment fa-

cilities which are designed to help you ﬂy your helicopter

in its unpowered state. Please note that the auto-rotation

setting takes the form of a complete fourth ﬂight phase,

for which all the adjustment facilities are available which

can be varied separately for all ﬂight phases, especially

trims, collective pitch curve settings etc.

ptch (Collective pitch curve (Ch1  pitch))

In powered ﬂight the maximum blade pitch angle is

limited by the motor power which is available; however,

in auto-rotation the angle is only limited by the point

at which the airﬂow over the main rotor blades breaks

away. Nevertheless, to provide sufﬁcient upthrust even

when rotational speed is falling off, it is necessary to

set a greater maximum collective pitch value. Touch the

central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to select

the graph page of “Collective pitch”, and then move the

vertical line to Point 5 using the transmitter stick. Start

by setting a value which is about 10 to 20% higher

than your normal collective pitch maximum. Do NOT

set a much higher value compared with normal ﬂight

initially, because collective pitch control will then differ

too greatly from the machine’s usual response after

you have thrown the switch. The danger is that you will

over-control the helicopter, and it may balloon up again

during the ﬂare following the auto-rotation descent. If

this happens, the rotational speed of the main rotor will

quickly decline to the point where it collapses, and the

helicopter ends up crashing to the ground from a consid-

erable height. Later, after a few trial autos, you may wish

to adjust the value again.

Under certain circumstances the collective pitch mini-

mum setting may also differ from the normal ﬂight set-

ting; this depends on your piloting style for normal ﬂying.

In any case you must set a sufﬁciently generous collec-

tive pitch minimum value at Point 1 to ensure that your

model can be brought from forward ﬂight at moderate

speed into a descent of around 60 ... 70° when collec-

tive pitch is reduced to minimum. Most helicopter pilots

already use such a setting for normal ﬂying, and if this

applies to you, you can simply adopt the same value.

If you normally allow your model to “fall” at a shallower

angle, increase the value for “Point 1”, and vice versa.

Approach angle

under varying wind

conditions.

Approach angle

in moderate

wind

no wind

45°

60°

75°

in strong

wind

For auto-rotation the collective pitch stick itself may not

be positioned right at the bottom of its travel; typically it

will be between the hover position and the bottom end-

point, giving the pilot scope for correction if necessary,

i. e. the chance to adjust the model’s pitch inclination

using the pitch-axis control.

You can shorten the approach by pulling back slightly on

the pitch-axis stick and gently reducing collective pitch,

or alternatively extend the approach by pushing forward

on the pitch-axis stick and gently increasing collective

pitch.

Throttle (throttle curve)

In a competition the pilot is expected to cut the motor

completely, but for practice purposes this is certainly

inconvenient, as after every practice “auto” landing you

would have to start the motor again.

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