Bedienungsanleitung Haas-Sohn KALMAR II (Seite 3 von 11) (Englisch)

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2. FIRING PROCESS

2.1. Fuel quantity and firing process adjustments

Burning wood, wood cakes (or coal cakes – optional) in the fireplace stove is based on

burning through the fuel, which means that such firing takes place throughout the whole go

of the fuel at a time. In order to provide optimal conditions for easy kindling and burning

up, you need enough air being led under the fuel in fire, through the grate: this is the so-

called primary air, and it must be always adjustable. By increasing temperature of the fuel

burning through, certain gaseous components of the fuel evolve that – unless additional air

is supplied – would be of no avail in terms of heat energy: therefore, additional air must be

provided at the flame level where the firing process connected with those gaseous

components may continue. Now, at this stage, the primary air is – in fact – not necessary,

while secondary air supply is required, or tertiary air may be added as well, respectively.

The secondary air supply, usually adjustable, improves the firing process and contributes to

the door glass self- cleaning. The tertiary air supply is designed for general improvement of

the firing process and is usually fixed (one cannot regulate it in any way). If the proportion

of the air volumes led into the particular sections of the firing chamber is correct, the

burning efficiency is increased while emission of pollutants in the environment is reduced.

The layout of the air supply regulative elements is shown in the Technical Cart (a part of

the documentation supplied with the fireplace stove).

Our models of fireplace stove may reach up to 85% efficiency – which means top

performance.

The heating capacity of the heating device depends on the fuel quantity burnt per defined

time, fuel quality and firing process efficiency. Using the Chart 2 (heating values) may

help you to make a picture of attainable capacity: let’s assume that you burn 1 kg of

wood per hour, wood humidity is 20%. Further, with higher wood moisture its heating

capacity goes down.

In the testing room conditions, adjustability of the heating device was tested, within 30 –

100% of nominal performance. For the regulation, the chimney effect and the fuel quantity

were applied. In practice, the heating capacity may be regulated by means of air supply

regulating elements (especially the primary air inlet).

There is no simple and explicit way to

determine the firing process adjustment by means of regulators. There are many aspects to

consider – fuel moisture, type of fuel, chimney effect, exterior pressure conditions, etc.

Therefore, the firing process (the flame intensity and quality) should be re-adjusted for

particular conditions.

You will be able to adjust the firing process to achieve best efficiency after a short time of

operation. A detailed chart showing how to adjust the air supply regulating elements is

included in the technical specifications. The figures in the chart are the testing results

verified by the State Testing Laboratory. The Chart 1 presents just general information for

air supply adjustment.

Primary air

Secondary air

Tertiary air

Fuel

Fuel quantity

Adjustable

No adjustment

wooden logs

wood cakes

2 - 3 logs (approx. 2 – 3 kg)

2 - 4 logs (approx. 2 – 3 kg)

Open wide

Fixed adjustment

at installation

coal cakes 2 - 3 logs (approx. 2 – 3 kg)

Closed or open

(depends on local

conditions)

half-open

Fixed adjustment

at installation

Chart 1

Our tips for wood burning

Any time you set the fire, let the primary air regulator open long enough to allow the fuel

burning properly.

Before you re-load, it is recommended to open the primary air regulator wide.

While burning wood, make sure the wood is dry, maximum moisture 20%.

Our tips for coal cake burning (selected models only)

• To achieve optimisation of the firing process, load the cakes directly onto the grate

holes: this way, you support the burning in best possible way.

• Make sure you do not overload: for the heat capacity you may use, i.e. to maintain the

heat, a couple of cakes is enough: otherwise the device would suffer from excessive

heat. Coal cake fuel efficiency may reach 6 kWh/1 kg, i.e. by some 40% more

than wood!

2.2. Fuel

In fireplace stoves, you may burn logs, wood cakes and coal cakes (some models only).

The moisture of the wood to be burnt should be lower than 20%, optimally 10%. The rule of

thumb is: the less water in the fuel, the higher heating capacity you achieve. For the

recommended wood moisture, you may reach it safely if you store the wood in a well

ventilated shelter for at least two years. The water content in coal cakes should be

specified by the manufacturer. The cakes should be stored in a dry room otherwise they

disintegrate. It is recommended to store the wood intended for burning in pieces approx. 3-

6 cm (diameter), 20–30 cm (length). It is forbidden to load and burn coal or charred

coal. In the fireplace, never burn flammable liquids or waste. It is forbidden to burn

papering, chipboards, plastic materials, penetrated wood, wood shavings or saw dust.

Burning such materials not only is detrimental to the environment but shortens the service

life of the heating device as well: you might seriously damage the device or the chimney as

well.

Note: The bark, a part of wooden logs, is no issue at all.

Fuel efficiency: selected types of wood at moisture 20%

Wood Fuel efficiency

kWh/m3

Fuel efficiency

kWh/1 kg

Weight kg/(m3)

Spruce, fir 1957 4,0 485

Larch 2461 4,0 610

Pine 2280 4,0 565

Oak, beech 2743 3,8 726

Chart 2

3. SAFE OPERATION

3.1. General requirements

While installing and operating stove (stove insert), it is obligatory to adhere to the fire

prevention regulations (related to this type of devices) in force in the country of

installation.

6 7

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