Bedienungsanleitung HP 12c - F2230A (Seite 36 von 211) (Englisch)

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36 Section 3: Basic Financial Functions

File name: hp 12c_user's guide_English_HDPMBF12E44 Page: 36 of 209

Printered Date: 2005/7/29 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm

The form in which n is entered determines whether or not the calculator

performs financial calculations in Odd-Period mode (as described on pages

50 through 53). If n is a noninteger (that is, there is at least one nonzero

digit to the right of the decimal point), calculations of i, PV, PMT, and FV are

performed in Odd-Period mode.

z i is the interest rate per compounding period. The interest rate shown in the

cash flow diagram and entered into the calculator is determined by dividing

the annual interest rate by the number of compounding periods. In the

problem illustrated above, i = 6% ÷ 12.

z PV — the present value — is the initial cash flow or the present value of a

series of future cash flows. In the problem illustrated above, PV is the $1,000

initial deposit.

z PMT is the period payment. In the problem illustrated above PMT is the $50

deposited each month. When all payments are equal, they are referred to as

annuities. (Problems involving equal payments are described in this section

under Compound Interest Calculations; problems involving unequal

payments can be handled as described in under Discounted Cash Flow

Analysis: NPV and IRR. Procedures for calculating the balance in a savings

account after a series of irregular and/or unequal deposits are included in

the hp 12c Solutions Handbook.)

z FV — the future value — is the final cash flow or the compounded value of a

series of prior cash flows. In the particular problem illustrated above, FV is

unknown (but can be calculated).

Solving the problem is now basically a matter of keying in the quantities identified

in the cash flow diagram using the corresponding keys, and then calculating the

unknown quantity by pressing the corresponding key. In the particular problem

illustrated in the cash flow diagram above, FV is the unknown quantity; but in other

problems, as we shall see later, n, i, PV, or PMT could be the unknown quantity.

Likewise, in the particular problem illustrated above there are four known

quantities that must be entered into the calculator before solving for the unknown

quantity; but in other problems only three quantities may be known — which must

always include n or i.

The Cash Flow Sign Convention

When entering the PV, PMT, and FV cash flows, the quantities must be keyed into

the calculator with the proper sign, + (plus) or – (minus), in accordance with …

The Cash Flow Sign Convention: Money received (arrow pointing up)

is entered or displayed as a positive value (+). Money paid out (arrow

pointing down) is entered or displayed as a negative value (–).

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