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KompoZer User Guide — 17 December 2007 Based on version 0.7.10 24

‘Selector’ followed by the tag for the element. The

window actually lists the style declarations for

that element, but of course that is now blank.

To define how you want elements to look:

1 Select in turn as required the tabs for ‘Text’,

‘Background’, ‘Border’ etc and specify exactly

how you wish that element to appear. The next

section amplifies some details of how to do this.

2 Return to the general tab to see the full declara-

tions that you have set for the Selector.

3 If you click the ‘General’ tab you will see all the

declarations for the rule. You can edit these here

but it is better to leave the job to CaScadeS

because if you make any errors the declaration

will be deleted

4 When you are satisfied click ‘OK’

Once created, rules may be edited by reopening

CaScadeS, Click and expand the stylesheet and click

the rule involved.

In the ‘Sheets and rules’ pane on the left you

should see a structure showing each tag as it is defined.

I won't go through all the options, just mention a

few.

First, do note you are not obliged to specify any

particular properties. You specify as much or as little

as you wish. It's just that the browser will revert to

defaults if you don’t. There are fairly complicated rules

for what it uses, and browsers don’t always follow the

rules, however chances are that you’ll be happy with

whatever it does – if you're not – change it!

You may like to try setting declarations for the

‘body’ and apply it to all elements. In most cases

declarations specified here with trickle down to every-

thing else (they are ‘inherited’) unless you specify it

explicitly elsewhere. Generally this works but can

generate surprises.

Note The tabs available in CaScadeS allow a

large number and all the most important style

properties to be set. The CSS specification how-

ever includes many others. If you are familiar

with these you can type declarations manually

into the box (incorrectly) headed ‘Style rule’. On

closing CaScadeS the validity of the declaration

will be checked and those which are valid will be

added to the stylesheet.

4.2.1.1 Text Tab

Font family. You are offered three ways of specify-

ing

Unspecified

Pre-defined

Use custom font family

In common parlance ‘font families’ are referred to

as ‘fonts’. CSS always refers to them as ‘font families’.

The correct typographic term is ‘Typeface’. (The Eng-

lish word for ‘font’ is ‘fount’ but sadly the American

word has come into general use in the UK.)

‘Unspecified’ leaves everything to the browser

‘Predefined’ has a drop down selector offering one

of three choices. Each choice has a set of 3 fonts which

have fundamentally similar characteristics. The choic-

es are:

Sans serif proportional fonts.

Serif proportional fonts.

Fixed spacing fonts.

Each set has three entries. The first two are alter-

native similar fonts; the third entry is a statement of

the generic font type – the browser should look for the

first font listed, if it can't find it, look for the second

and, if that can't be found, use a font of the generic

type of the final entry. Thus something suitable will

always be found.

‘Custom font family’ is an option to be avoided or

used with extreme caution. The list offered is taken

from the fonts installed on the author's computer. If

you choose one which is not available on your

visitor's computer there is no control over what

will be used.

On the other hand, if carefully used, this option is

very flexible and you can build your own set using the

model from the ‘Predefined’ selector.

To build a set of fonts.

1 Note the structure of the ‘Predefined’ sets. The

lists are built with each font name terminated by

a comma and each set finished with a generic

type.

2 Select a generic type from the following: serif,

sans-serif, cursive, fantasy, monospace.

3 Select preferred fonts corresponding to the ge-

neric type required.

4 With the Text tab selected check ‘Use custom

font family’ and in the box type the name of your

preferred fonts each followed by a comma, finish

with a generic type.

Note 1 You will probably wish to include one

font available on Windows PC systems and an

equivalent available on Macintosh computers.

Note 2 You may enter as many fonts as you wish.

Note 3 Using ‘cursive’ or ‘fantasy’ options is not

recommended since the level of standardisation

between visitors will render the results very

uncertain.

Note 4 If you use a font which has a name

which includes spaces (such as Times New

Roman) the name must be enclosed within

quotes e.g. “Times New Roman”. If you fail to do

this the result will probably still work but vali-

dation will fail.

Font size. There are three sections offering differ-

ent types of option. The first block is a miscellany

offering various units. Because display screens vary in

size and resolution and because people's eyes and

preferences differ, browsers offer view options allowing

the user to alter the text size. If this facility is disabled

the user may not be able to see the page as he or she

would wish. Some of the options in this first group (e.g.

px, pt, cm, in, mm, pc) either apply to print media or

are for fixed size units. These may disable browser

zooming or result in unpredictable sizes. You will

probably find the last set of named styles (starting

xx-small) is most satisfactory, alternatively use the

percentage or em scales. As you select and alter the

size you can see the result directly on your page.

Absolute and relative sizes.

When setting font sizes for text lying directly in the

body element 1em, 100% and 'medium' generally yield

identical results. Font sizes are inherited so text in

elements which themselves sit in the body will, unless

specified separately, use the same sizes. Elements

may however sit, not directly in the body but, within

other elements such as a table or a division. Where

such a table or division has a font size set on itself this

Kompozer 07 Seite 24

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