Bedienungsanleitung Kona 2013 (Seite 40 von 42) (Englisch)

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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL

Carbon ber composites are typically a strong, light ber

in a matrix of plastic, molded to form a shape. Carbon

composites are light relative to metals. Steel weighs 7.8

grams/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter), titanium 4.5

grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/cm3. Contrast these

numbers with carbon ber composite at 1.45 grams/cm3.

The composites with the best strength-to-weight ratios

are made of carbon ber in a matrix of epoxy plastic. The

epoxy matrix bonds the carbon bers together, transfers

load to other bers, and provides a smooth outer surface.

The carbon bers are the “skeleton” that carries the load.

Why Are Composites Used?

Unlike metals, which have uniform properties in all direc-

tions (engineers call this isotropic), carbon bers can be

placed in specic orientations to optimize the structure for

particular loads. The choice of where to place the carbon

bers gives engineers a powerful tool to create strong,

light bicycles. Engineers may also orient bers to suit

other goals such as comfort and vibration damping. Car-

bon ber composites are very corrosion resistant, much

more so than most metals. Think about carbon ber or

berglass boats. Carbon ber materials have a very high

strength-to-weight ratio.

What Are The Limits Of Composites?

Well designed “composite” or carbon ber bicycles and

components have long fatigue lives, usually better than

their metal equivalents.

While fatigue life is an advantage of carbon ber, you must still

regularly inspect your carbon ber frame, fork, or components

Carbon ber composites are not ductile. Once a carbon

structure is overloaded, it will not bend; it will break. At

and near the break, there will be rough, sharp edges and

maybe delamination of carbon ber or carbon ber fabric

layers. There will be no bending, buckling, or stretching.

If You Hit Something Or Have A Crash, What Can

You Expect From Your Carbon Fiber Bike?

Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, other cyclist or

other object. At any speed above a fast walk, your body

will continue to move forward, the momentum carrying

you over the front of the bike. You cannot and will not stay

on the bike and what happens to the frame fork and other

components is irrelevant to what happens to your body

What should you expect from your carbon frame? It

depends on many complex factors, which is why we tell

you that crash worthiness cannot be a design criteria.

With that important note, we can tell you that if the impact

is hard enough, the fork or frame may be completely

broken. Note the signicant difference in behavior between

carbon and metal. See Section 2. A, Understanding metals

in this Appendix. Even if the carbon frame was twice

as strong as a metal frame, once the carbon frame is

overloaded it will not bend, it will break completely.

Inspection of Composite Frame, Fork, & Components

Cracks: Inspect for cracks, broken, or splintered areas.

Any crack is serious. Do not ride any bicycle or compo-

nent that has a crack of any size.

Delamination: Delamination is serious damage. Compos-

ites are made from layers of fabric. Delamination means

that the layers of fabric are no longer bonded together.

Do not ride any bicycle or component that has any dela-

mination. These are some delamination clues:

•

A cloudy or white area. This kind of area looks different

from the ordinary undamaged areas. Undamaged areas will

look glassy, shiny, or “deep,” as if one was looking into a

clear liquid. Delaminated areas will look opaque and cloudy

• Bulging or deformed shape. If delamination occurs,

the surface shape may change. The surface may have a

bump, a bulge, soft spot, or not be smooth and fair.

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Kona 2013 Seite 40

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