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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL
39
potential failure, including cracks, deformation, corrosion,
paint peeling, dents, and any other indicators of potential
problems, inappropriate use or abuse. These are important
safety checks and very important to help prevent acci-
dents, bodily injury to the rider and shortened product life
.
2. Perspective
Today’s high-performance bicycles require frequent and
careful inspection and service. In this Appendix we try
to explain some underlying material science basics and
how they relate to your bicycle. We discuss some of the
trade-offs made in designing your bicycle and what you
can expect from your bicycle; and we provide important,
basic guidelines on how to maintain and inspect it. We
cannot teach you everything you need to know to prop-
erly inspect and service your bicycle; and that is why we
repeatedly urge you to take your bicycle to your dealer for
professional care and attention.
WARNING: Frequent inspection of your bike is
important to your safety. Follow the Mechanical Safety
Check in Section 1.C of this Manual before every ride.
Periodic, more detailed inspection of your bicycle is
important. How often this more detailed inspection is
needed depends upon you. You, the rider/owner, have
control and knowledge of how often you use your bike,
how hard you use it and where you use it. Because
your dealer cannot track your use, you must take re-
sponsibility for periodically bringing your bike to your
dealer for inspection and service. Your dealer will help
you decide what frequency of inspection and service is
appropriate for how and where you use your bike. For
your safety, understanding and communication with
your dealer, we urge you to read this Appendix in its
entirety. The materials used to make your bike deter-
mine how and how frequently to inspect. Ignoring this
WARNING can lead to frame, fork or other component
failure, which can result in serious injury or death.
A) UNDERSTANDING METALS
Steel is the traditional material for building bicycle frames.
It has good characteristics, but in high performance
bicycles, steel has been largely replaced by aluminum
and some titanium. The main factor driving this change is
interest by cycling enthusiasts in lighter bicycles.
Properties of Metals
Please understand that there is no simple statement that
can be made that characterizes the use of different met-
als for bicycles. What is true is how the metal chosen is
applied is much more important than the material alone.
One must look at the way the bike is designed, tested,
manufactured, supported along with the characteristics of
the metal rather than seeking a simplistic answer.
Metals vary widely in their resistance to corrosion. Steel
must be protected or rust will attack it. Aluminum and
Titanium quickly develop an oxide lm that protects the
metal from further corrosion. Both are therefore quite
resistant to corrosion. Aluminum is not perfectly corro-
sion resistant, and particular care must be used where it
contacts other metals and galvanic corrosion can occur.
Metals are comparatively ductile. Ductile means bending,
buckling and stretching before breaking. Generally speaking,
of the common bicycle frame building materials steel is the
most ductile, titanium less ductile, followed by aluminum
.
Metals vary in density. Density is weight per unit of mate-
rial. Steel weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic cen-
timeter), titanium 4.5 grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/
41

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