ǹȈĭǹȁǼǿǹ
ȆȇȅȁȅīȅȈ
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠįİȚȤșİȓİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞȠİȡȖĮȜİȓȠ
ĮȞįİȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚıȦıIJȐȒʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐțĮȚȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚıȠȕĮȡȩȒșĮȞĮIJȘijȩȡȠIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȩıIJȠȤİȚȡȚıIJȒ
ȒıİȐȜȜȠȣȢǼȓȞĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȩȞĮįȚĮȕȐȗİIJİțĮȚȞĮ
țĮIJĮȞȠİȓIJİIJĮʌİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢİȖȤİȚȡȚįȓȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘ
ǹȣIJȩIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİȚIJȚȢȕĮıȚțȑȢʌȡȠijȣȜȐȟİȚȢ
ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢȖȚĮIJȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȝİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮ
ȅȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȢİȓȞĮȚȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJȘȞIJȒȡȘıȘIJȦȞȠįȘȖȚȫȞțĮȚ
IJȦȞʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȦȞʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞʌȐȞȦıIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮțĮȚ
ıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ǼȟȠȚțİȚȦșİȓIJİĮʌȩȜȣIJĮȝİIJĮȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚĮțĮȚIJȘıȦıIJȒȤȡȒıȘ
IJȠȣȝȘȤĮȞȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆİȡȚȠȡȓıIJİIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȠȣȝȘȤĮȞȒȝĮIJȠȢıİȐIJȠȝĮIJĮȠʌȠȓĮȑȤȠȣȞ
įȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚțĮȚĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞȩȜİȢIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢ
țĮȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞʌȐȞȦıIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮțĮȚıIJȠ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİʌȠIJȑıİʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȤİȚȡȚıIJȠȪȞIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮ
ǼȐȞʌȡȠțȪȥİȚȝȚĮțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȩʌȠȣįİȞİȓıIJİıȓȖȠȣȡȠȚȖȚĮ
IJȠʌȫȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȗȘIJȒıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȒİȚįȚțȠȪ
ǹʌȠijİȪȖİIJİIJȚȢțĮIJĮıIJȐıİȚȢȤȡȒıȘȢIJȚȢȠʌȠȓİȢșİȦȡİȓIJİʌȑȡĮȞ
IJȦȞįȣȞĮIJȠIJȒIJȦȞıĮȢ
ǹȞȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓIJİȕȠȒșİȚĮİʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȒıIJİȝİIJȠİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠ
țĮIJȐıIJȘȝĮıȑȡȕȚȢȒțĮȜȑıIJİIJȠIJȝȒȝĮİȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢʌİȜĮIJȫȞ
ȇȅȊȋǿȈȂȅȈȀǹǿǼȄȅȆȁǿȈȂȅȈ
ĭȠȡȐIJİțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮȡȠȪȤĮĭȠȡȐIJİʌȐȞIJĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȐ
ȖȣĮȜȚȐȒʌĮȡȩȝȠȚȠİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢIJȦȞȝĮIJȚȫȞțĮIJȐ
IJȠȞȤİȚȡȚıȝȩȒIJȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘIJȠȣȝȘȤĮȞȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ĭȠȡȐIJİʌȐȞIJĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȐĮțȠȒȢǾȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮȑțșİıȘ
ıIJȠșȩȡȣȕȠȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȝȩȞȚȝȘȕȜȐȕȘıIJȘȞĮțȠȒ
ĭȠȡȐIJİʌȐȞIJĮʌȡȠıȦʌȓįĮȒʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȒȝȐıțĮĮȞĮʌȞȠȒȢ
ȩIJĮȞİȡȖȐȗİıIJİıİʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞȝİʌȠȜȜȒıțȩȞȘ
ĭȠȡȐIJİʌȐȞIJĮĮȞșİțIJȚțȩȝĮțȡȪʌĮȞIJİȜȩȞȚȝĮțȡȚȐȝĮȞȓțȚĮ
ȝʌȩIJİȢțĮȚȖȐȞIJȚĮȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȫȞȖȚĮIJĮ
ʌȩįȚĮǾʌȜȒȡȘȢțȐȜȣȥȘʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȪİȚİʌȓıȘȢĮʌȩIJĮșȡĮȪ
ıȝĮIJĮțĮȚIJĮțȠȝȝȐIJȚĮIJȠȟȚțȫȞijȣIJȫȞʌȠȣİțıijİȞįȠȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȝȘȤ
ȐȞȘȝĮ
ĭȠȡȐIJİʌȐȞIJȠIJİʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȩȖȚĮIJĮʌȩįȚĮȂȘȞİȓıIJİ
ȟȣʌȩȜȣIJȠȚțĮȚȝȘȞijȠȡȐIJİıĮȞįȐȜȚĮȂȘȞʌȜȘıȚȐȗİIJİIJȘȞ
ʌİȡȚıIJȡİijȩȝİȞȘȜİʌȓįĮȒIJȘȝİıȚȞȑȗĮIJȠȣȤȠȡIJȠțȠʌIJȚțȠȪ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJĮȝĮȜȜȚȐıĮȢʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȠȣȢȫȝȠȣȢȈIJİȡİȫıIJİ
ȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJĮȡȚȤIJȐȡȠȪȤĮȒIJĮȡȠȪȤĮȝİȤĮȜĮȡȐįİıȓȝĮIJĮ
ȜȠȣȡȚȐțȡȩııȚĮțȜʌǹȣIJȐȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȚĮıIJȠȪȞıIJĮ
țȚȞȠȪȝİȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ǹȈĭǹȁǼǿǹȀǹȊȈǿȂȅȊ
ȅĮȞİijȠįȚĮıȝȩȢȝİțĮȪıȚȝȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚıİ
İȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ǻȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJİIJȠțĮȪıȚȝȠȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩıʌȚȞșȒȡİȢȒijȜȩȖİȢ
ȂȘȞțĮʌȞȓȗİIJİțĮȚȝȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİIJȠțȐʌȞȚıȝĮțȠȞIJȐıIJȠ
țĮȪıȚȝȠȒıIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȤȣșİȓțĮȪıȚȝȠȒȜȐįȚȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȩıȠțĮȪıȚȝȠ
ȑȤİȚIJȣȤȩȞȤȣșİȓ
ǹʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȝȑIJȡĮĮʌȩIJȠıȘȝİȓȠ
ĮȞİijȠįȚĮıȝȠȪʌȡȠIJȠȪİțțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠȞȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚʌȡȠIJȠȪ
ĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞIJȐʌĮIJȠȣȞIJİʌȩȗȚIJȠȣțĮȣıȓȝȠȣ
ǹʌȠșȘțİȪİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘȕİȞȗȓȞȘıİįȠȤİȓȠİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȠȖȚĮ
țĮȪıȚȝĮ
ȆǼȇǿȅȋǾǼȇīǹȈǿǹȈ
ǼʌȚșİȦȡȒıIJİIJȘȞʌİȡȚȠȤȒʌȡȠIJȠȪșȑıİIJİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮıİȜİȚ
IJȠȣȡȖȓĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİșȡĮȪıȝĮIJĮțĮȚıțȜȘȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȩʌȦȢ
ʌȑIJȡİȢȖȣĮȜȚȐıȪȡȝĮIJĮțȜʌIJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮȞĮʌȘįȒ
ıȠȣȞȞĮİțıijİȞįȠȞȚıIJȠȪȞȒȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞȝİȐȜȜȠIJȡȩʌȠ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȩȒȗȘȝȚȐțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ǻȚĮıijĮȜȓıIJİȩIJȚįİȞȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȐȞșȡȦʌȠȚțĮȚ
ȗȫĮȝİIJȠʌĮȡİȜțȩȝİȞȠțȠʌȒȢȒȝİĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮʌȠȣ
İțıijİȞįȠȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠʌĮȡİȜțȩȝİȞȠțȠʌȒȢ
ȆĮȚįȚȐȗȫĮʌĮȡȚıIJȐȝİȞĮȐIJȠȝĮțĮȚȕȠȘșȠȓșĮʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞȠȣȞıİĮʌȩıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȝȑIJȡȦȞȉĮ
ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȝİȞĮȐIJȠȝĮșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȞșĮȡȡȪȞȠȞIJĮȚȞĮijȠȡȠȪȞ
ȖȣĮȜȚȐĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢȈȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮĮȞıĮȢ
ʌȜȘıȚȐıȠȣȞ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮʌĮȡȐȝȩȞȠȩIJĮȞȑȤİIJİ
IJȘįȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȞĮțĮȜȑıİIJİıİȕȠȒșİȚĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
ĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮȩIJĮȞİʌȚțȡĮIJȠȪȞȐıȤȘȝİȢ
țĮȚȡȚțȑȢıȣȞșȒțİȢȩʌȦȢʌȣțȞȒȠȝȓȤȜȘįȣȞĮIJȒȕȡȠȤȒȚıȤȣ
ȡȠȓȐȞİȝȠȚȒȑȞIJȠȞȠȥȪȤȠȢǾİȡȖĮıȓĮȝİȐıȤȘȝİȢțĮȚȡȚțȑȢ
ıȣȞșȒțİȢİȓȞĮȚțȠȣȡĮıIJȚțȒț
ĮȚıȣȤȞȐİʌȚijȑȡİȚʌȡȩıșİIJȠȣȢ
țȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțȚȞȘșİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮıIJĮșİȓIJİȩȡșȚȠȚ
ȝİĮıijȐȜİȚĮǼȜȑȖȟIJİIJȘȞʌİȡȚȠȤȒȖȪȡȦıĮȢȖȚĮʌȚșĮȞȐ
İȝʌȩįȚĮȩʌȦȢȡȓȗİȢȕȡȐȤȚĮțȜĮįȚȐțĮȚȤĮȞIJȐțȚĮȖȚĮIJȘȞ
ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓȞĮȝİIJĮțȚȞȘșİȓIJİȟĮijȞȚțȐȃĮİȓıIJİ
ȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȠȓȩIJĮȞİȡȖȐȗİıIJİıİȑįĮijȠȢȝİțȜȓıȘ
ǹȈĭǹȁǼǿǹȀǹȉǹȉǾȁǼǿȉȅȊȇīǿǹ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮȝȩȞȠȖȚĮțȠȪȡİȝĮșȐȝȞȦȞ
ĮʌȠȥȓȜȦıȘȤȜȠȠțȠʌȒțĮȚıȐȡȦıȘȂȘȞIJȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ
ȖȚĮȠȡȚȠșȑIJȘıȘțȜȐįİȝĮȒțȠȪȡİȝĮȝʌȠȡȞIJȠȪȡĮȢ
ȆĮȡĮȝİȓȞİIJİıİİȖȡȒȖȠȡıȘȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȣIJȩIJȠ
ȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮĮȞİȓıIJİțȠȣȡĮıȝȑȞȠȚȐȡȡȦıIJȠȚĮįȚȐșİIJȠȚȒȣʌȩ
IJȘȞİʌȒȡİȚĮĮȜțȠȩȜȞĮȡțȦIJȚțȫȞȒijĮȡȝȐțȦȞȆȡȠıȑȤİIJİIJȚ
țȐȞİIJİȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞțȠȚȞȒȜȠȖȚțȒ
ȆȠIJȑȝȘȞİțțȚȞİȓIJİțĮȚȝȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮȞĮ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȒıİȚȝȑıĮıİțȜİȚıIJȩȤȫȡȠȒțIJȓȡȚȠǾİȚıʌȞȠȒIJȦȞ
ĮİȡȓȦȞIJȘȢİȟȐIJȝȚıȘȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȓȞĮȚșĮȞĮIJȘijȩȡĮ
ǻȚĮIJȘȡȒıIJİIJȚȢȜĮȕȑȢțĮșĮȡȑȢĮʌȩȜȐįȚțĮȚțĮȪıȚȝȠ
ǻȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮıIJȘįİȟȚȐʌȜİȣȡȐIJȠȣ
ıȫȝĮIJȩȢıĮȢ
ȀȡĮIJȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖİȡȐțĮȚȝİIJĮįȪȠȤȑȡȚĮ
ǻȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJİIJȠʌĮȡİȜțȩȝİȞȠțȠʌȒȢțĮȚIJȘȞİȟȐIJȝȚıȘ
ıȚȖĮıIJȒȡĮȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩIJȠȪȥȠȢIJȘȢȝȑıȘȢțĮȚıİ
ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘĮʌȩȩȜĮIJĮȝȑȜȘIJȠȣıȫȝĮIJȩȢıĮȢǵIJĮȞȘ
İȟȐIJȝȚıȘıȚȖĮıIJȒȡĮȢțĮȓİȚʌȠȜȪȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ıȠȕĮȡȐİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ǻȚĮIJȘȡȒıIJİıIJĮșİȡȩȕȐįȚıȝĮțĮȚȚıȠȡȡȠʌȓĮȂȘȞIJİȞIJȫȞİIJİ
IJȠıȫȝĮıĮȢțĮȚȝȘȞıIJȑțİıIJİʌȐȞȦıİĮıIJĮșİȓȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȩʌȦȢıțȐȜİȢįȑȞIJȡĮİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȝİĮʌȩIJȠȝȘțȜȓıȘțĮȚ
ıIJȑȖİȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮȝȩȞȠıIJȠijȦȢIJȘȢȘȝȑȡĮȢȒıİ
țĮȜȩIJİȤȞȘIJȩijȦIJȚıȝȩ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠȝȩȞȠȖȚĮIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚ
ıİĮȣIJȩIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠȒıIJĮİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚĮIJȦȞʌȡȠĮȚȡİIJȚțȫȞ
İȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȝȘȤȐȞȘȝĮțȐIJȦİȞȫȠțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮȢ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȒİȞȫIJȠʌĮȡİȜțȩȝİȞȠțȠʌȒȢʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijİIJĮȚ
ȂİȚȫȞİIJİʌȐȞIJȠIJİIJȚȢıIJȡȠijȑȢIJȠȣțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮıIJȠȡİȜĮȞIJȓ
ȝİIJȐIJȘȞȠȜȠțȜȒȡȦıȘțȐșİİȡȖĮıȓĮȢǾȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȝİIJȑȡȝĮ
ȖțȐȗȚȖȚĮʌȠȜȜȒȫȡĮȤȦȡȓȢijȠȡIJȓȠıIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȕȜȐȕȘıIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮ
ȅȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȢIJȠȣȝȘȤĮȞȒȝĮIJȠȢȒțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠįİȞ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİȚIJȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȣȜȚțȩİȞȫ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȠțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮȢȒİȞȫʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijİIJĮȚȠİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩȢ
țȠʌȒȢțĮșȫȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțȜȘșİȓıȠȕĮȡȩȢIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȣȜȚțȩʌȠȣȑȤİȚIJȣȜȚȤIJİȓȖȪȡȦĮʌȩIJȠȞ
ȐȟȠȞĮIJȘȢȜİʌȓįĮȢıȕȒıIJİIJȠȞțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȞ
İȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩțȠʌȒȢțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣȝʌȠȣȗȓĮʌȩ
IJȠȝʌȠȣȗȓǻȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ȉȠțȦȞȚțȩȖȡĮȞȐȗȚȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȗİıIJĮșİȓʌȠȜȪțĮIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
țĮȚİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚıİĮȣIJȒȞIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮ
ıȪȞIJȠȝȠįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ȊʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘİʌĮijȒȢ
ȃĮʌȡȠıȑȤİIJİIJȣȤȩȞĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮʌȠȣİțIJȠȟİȪȠȞIJĮȚĭȠȡȐIJİ
ʌȐȞIJĮİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȠİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩȖȚĮIJȘȞʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮIJȦȞ
ȝĮIJȚȫȞȂȘȞıțȪȕİIJİʌȠIJȑʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȠʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȩIJȠȣ
ʌĮȡİȜțȩȝİȞȠȣțȠʌȒȢȊʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢȞĮİțIJȠȟİȣșȠȪȞ
ʌȑIJȡİȢıțȠȣʌȓįȚĮțȜʌıIJĮȝȐIJȚĮıĮȢʌȡȠțĮȜȫȞIJĮȢ
IJȪijȜȦıȘȒıȠȕĮȡȩIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȩ