776299
4
Zoom out
Zoom in
Vorherige Seite
1/99
Nächste Seite
User manual
POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
PQA 6600
Supplier: Nieaf-Smitt bv
Vrieslantlaan 6
3526 AA Utrecht Holland
P.O. box 7023 3502 KA Utrecht
Telephone: ++ 31 30 288 13 11
Fax.: ++ 31 30 289 88 16
Specifications of the equipment: Power Quality Analyzer
PQA 6600
Specifications of the user manual: Date: 20-04-2004
Number:561.144.120
Ref.: 002
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 1 - Ref 002
This page is left blank intentionally
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 2 - Ref 002
Contents
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS...........................................................................................................................5
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Applicable Standards......................................................................................................................................5
GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................6
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................6
2. DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................................................................7
2.1. FRONT PANEL .................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2. CONNECTOR PANEL (on side of Meter) ...................................................................................................... 8
2.3. BOTTOM VIEW .................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.4. Standard accessories ........................................................................................................................................ 9
2.5. Optional accessories ....................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Technical SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................................................................................11
3.1. INPUTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2. OUTPUTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3. POWER SUPPLY............................................................................................................................................. 13
3.4. CALCULATION BASED QUANTITIES......................................................................................................... 13
3.5. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 15
3.6. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................................... 15
INTERNAL OPERATION..................................................................................................17
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................17
2. MEASUREMENT METHODS .....................................................................................................................17
Parameter ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
OPERATION MANUAL ....................................................................................................19
1. GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................19
2. OFF..............................................................................................................................................................21
3. CONFIGURATION......................................................................................................................................21
3.1. SYSTEM sub-menu ......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2. RECORDER (Data Logging) Set-up sub-menu .......................................................................................... 24
3.3. SIGNALS sub-menu ........................................................................................................................................ 33
3.4. HARMONICS sub-menus ............................................................................................................................... 34
3.5. METER sub-menu............................................................................................................................................ 34
4. RECORDER (Data Logging) .....................................................................................................................37
4.1. START or STOP Data Logging ...................................................................................................................... 37
4.2. Checking and changing Recording or Configuration parameters............................................................. 38
4.3. Common data logging parameters ................................................................................................................ 38
4.4. Periodics recorder............................................................................................................................................ 39
4.5. Waveforms recorder ........................................................................................................................................ 39
4.6. Fast logging recorder....................................................................................................................................... 40
4.7. Transients recorder.......................................................................................................................................... 40
4.8. EN 50160 recorder........................................................................................................................................... 40
5. ENERGY......................................................................................................................................................41
6. SPECTRUM.................................................................................................................................................43
6.1. Harmonic Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 43
6.2. Mains Signaling and Interharmonic Analysis .............................................................................................. 43
7. METER ........................................................................................................................................................45
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 3 - Ref 002
8. SCOPE (Oscilloscope Function)..............................................................................................................46
9. Frequency and overload information......................................................................................................47
CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS ...........................................................................48
PC SOFTWARE................................................................................................................51
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................51
2. INSTRUMENT SET-UP...............................................................................................................................52
3. ANALYSIS OF RECORDED DATA............................................................................................................57
3.1. SCREENS IN PERIODICS RECORDING MODE....................................................................................... 58
3.2. SCREENS IN WAVEFORMS RECORDING MODE .................................................................................. 62
3.3. FAST LOGGING RECORDING MODE ........................................................................................................ 63
3.4. TRANSIENTS RECORDING MODE............................................................................................................. 63
3.5. EN 50160 RECORDING MODE .................................................................................................................... 64
4. DIRECT LINK - SCOPE..............................................................................................................................66
THEORY OF OPERATION...............................................................................................68
1. GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................68
2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................68
3. PERIODIC ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................69
SYMBOL DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................70
4. VOLTAGE ANOMALY RECORDING.........................................................................................................80
5. POWER BREAKS RECORDING................................................................................................................81
6. WAVEFORMS.............................................................................................................................................82
7. FAST LOGGING .........................................................................................................................................82
8. TRANSIENTS..............................................................................................................................................83
9. FLICKERS...................................................................................................................................................84
10. EN50160....................................................................................................................................................86
11. MEMORY USAGE.....................................................................................................................................88
11.1. Memory for Waveforms, Fast logging and Transients ............................................................................. 88
11.2. Memory for EN 50160 and Periodics .......................................................................................................... 88
11.3. Record length ................................................................................................................................................. 89
12 MODEM DATA TRANSFER........................................................................................91
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................91
2. Modems ......................................................................................................................................................91
3. Modem, instrument and power link configuration.............................................................................92
3.1. Power Link configuration.................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2. Modem configuration at the PC side ................................................................................................................... 93
3.3. Modem configuration at the instrument side....................................................................................................... 93
3.4. Instrument configuration for modem communication......................................................................................... 94
4. MODEM CONNECT. WITH PC AND INSTRUMENT................................................................................95
5. connecting and disconnecting modems.................................................................................................96
6. SMS messages ..........................................................................................................................................96
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 4 - Ref 002
POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
The Power Quality Analyzer is a portable multifunction instrument for measurement and
analysis of three-phase power systems.
Fig. 1
Main features
Comprehensive real time monitoring, recording and analysis of 3 phase (3ϕ) power
systems.
Wide range of functions:
True r.m.s. Voltage
True r.m.s. Current
Power (Watt, VAr and VA)
Power Factor
Energy
Power Scope
Harmonic Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Flickers
Anomalies
In recording mode the measured values are stored in memory for later analysis.
Special recording modes for waveform capture with various trigger options.
Special recording modes for monitoring the quality of the observed supply system:
Periodics,
Waveforms,
Transients,
Fast logging,
EN 50160.
Minimum, average & maximum value calculations for recorded quantities, with various
pre-formatted reports.
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 5 - Ref 002
Oscilloscope mode for displaying waveforms, both in real time and for stored
waveform analysis.
Harmonic distortion analysis up to 63rd harmonic, both on line and on recorded data.
Energy monitoring and analysis.
Internal rechargeable batteries.
RS232 communication port for connection to a PC.
Windows software for data analysis and instrument control.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
To ensure operator safety while using the Power Quality Analyzer, and to minimize the
risk of damage to the instrument, please note the following general warnings:
The Instrument has been designed to ensure maximum operator safety. Use in a
fashion other than as specified in this Manual may increase the risk of harm to
the operator!
Do not use the instrument and/or any accessories if there is any damage visible!
The Instrument contains no user serviceable parts. Only an authorized dealer
must only carry out Service or calibration!
All normal safety precautions MUST be taken in order to avoid risk of electric
shock when working on electric installations!
Only use approved accessories, which are available from your distributor!
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The Power Quality Analyzer is designed in accordance to the following European
standards:
Safety:
EN 61010-1
Electromagnetic compatibility (noise and immunity):
EN 50081-1
EN 61000-6-1
Measurements according to European standard:
EN 50160
POWER QUALITY ANALYSER
Utrecht
- 6 - Ref 002
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. INTRODUCTION
This manual provides information for the connection, operation, programming, data
analysis and maintenance of the Power Quality Analyzer (shown in Fig. 1).
The manual is divided into five sections, each covering a particular aspect of the operation
of the Power Quality Analyzer.
Section
Topic
I General information
II Internal Operation
II Meter Operation
IV Connection to Power System
V PC Software
VI Theory of operation
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 7 - Ref 001
2. DESCRIPTION
2.1. FRONT PANEL
Fig. 2: Front panel
Front Panel Layout:
1.......... FUNCTION switch, selects one of seven functional/operating menus:
OFF Power OFF
CONFIG Instrument configuration menu
RECORD Recording menu
ENERGY Energy measurement
SPECTRUM Harmonic analysis menu
METER Basic power, current & voltage measurements
SCOPE Waveforms display & control
2.......... LCD Graphic display with LED backlight, 160x116 pixels.
3.......... ESC/CONFIG key To exit any procedure or open configuration menu.
4.......... ENTER key To confirm new settings, start recording procedure.
5.......... SELECT key Enable selected signals.
6.......... ARROW keys Move cursor and select parameters.
7.......... LIGHT key LCD backlight ON/OFF (Backlight automatically turns OFF
after 30 sec. if no key action occurs)
LIGHT + Increase display contrast
LIGHT + Decrease display contrast
8.......... HOLD/MANUAL
key
Display screen is temporarily frozen and/or manual triggering
(SCOPE, METER and SPECTRUM functions only).
9.......... BELT slot For attachment of a carry strap
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 8 - Ref 002
2.2. CONNECTOR PANEL (on side of Meter)
Use safety test leads only!
Max. permissible voltage between voltage
input terminals and ground is 600 Vrms
Fig. 3: Connector panel
Connector Panel Layout:
1 ....... Current Clamp-on current transformers/Transformers (I1, I2, I3) input terminals
2 ....... Voltage (L1, L2, L3) input terminals
3 ....... RS 232 connection (for connection of the Power Quality Analyzer to a PC)
Fig. 4: External power socket
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 9 - Ref 002
2.3. BOTTOM VIEW
Fig. 5: Bottom view
Bottom View Layout:
2 Plastic cover (fixes nylon strap to the instrument). There is a screw under this
cover that needs to be unscrewed when opening the instrument for service or
calibration purposes.
The Instrument contains no user serviceable
parts. Service or calibration must only be
carried out only by an authorized dealer
3 Screw (unscrew to remove carrying strap or to open the instrument).
4 Label with measurement ranges.
5 Battery/fuse compartment cover.
6 Retaining screw (unscrew to replace batteries or blown fuse).
7 Rubber foot.
2.4. Standard accessories
Current probes:
Current clamp-on Current transformers (CTs) 1000 A / 1V, type A1033, 3 off
Current transformers (Optional)
6
5
7
4
2
3
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 10 - Ref 002
Cable accessory:
Voltage measurement cables, 6 off
Alligator clips, 4 off
Probe tips, 3 off
Mains cable
RS 232 communication cable
Soft carrying bag
Instruction manual
Handbook 'Modern Power quality Measuring Techniques'
Product verification data
Warranty declaration
Windows PC software:
PC analysis and control software package
2.5. Optional accessories
See attached sheet for a list of optional accessories that are available on request from your
distributor.
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 11 - Ref 002
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The instrument’s technical specification below details the performance standard or limit to
which the instrument has been designed and tested.
3.1. INPUTS
3.1.1. AC VOLTAGES
The instrument has a three-phase AC voltage input (3 differential inputs, L1 - N1, L2 - N2, L3 -
N3). Voltage measurement is direct with internal voltage dividers. There are no internal
fuses in the voltage inputs.
Over voltage category CAT III 600 V
Input voltage range: 10 - 550 Vrms (0.02 Un - Un)
Permissible overload voltage: 600 Vrms
Resolution: 0.1 V
Accuracy: ± 0.5 % of reading ± 2 digits
Crest factor max: 1.4
Frequency range: 43 - 68 Hz fundamental
Basic r.m.s. integration period:
10 ms (1/2 of signal cycle)
3.1.2. AC CURRENTS
The instrument has three AC current inputs, suitable for Clamp-on current transformers or
other voltage output current sensors.
Input current (voltage) range: 0.02 - 1 Volt rms (0.02 In - In)
Equivalent to 20 - 1000 Amp with the standard
Clamp-on current transformer (ratio: 1000 A / 1 V).
Resolution: 0. 3 mV (0.3 Amp with the standard Clamp-on
current transformer - ratio: 1000 A / 1 V.)
Accuracy: ± 0.5 % of reading ± 6 digits plus current transformer
accuracy
Crest factor: 2.5
Maximum permissible overload: 150 % In (sinusoidal current)
Maximum input voltage: 1 Vrms
Basic r.m.s. integration period 10ms (1/2 of signal cycle)
Use double insulated minimum CAT III 600 V Clamp-on current transformers
and/or current transformers
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 12 - Ref 002
3.1.3. Phase angle
Consider Phase angle data of used current transformer.
3.1.4. REFERENCE CONDITIONS
AC voltage for power measurements: 0.02 Un - Un
AC current: 0.02 In - In
Power factor: four quadrants (1.00 cap - 0.00 - 1.00 ind)
Frequency: 45 - 65 Hz
Waveform: Sinusoidal AC voltage and current
Distortion factor: < 2 %
Auxiliary power supply: 230 V ± 10 %
Ambient temperature: 23 °C ± 3 °C
Humidity: 60 % ± 15 %
3.1.5. DIGITAL HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
A/D conversion: 14 bit with 128 samples per channel per period (43 - 68 Hz).
3.2. OUTPUTS
3.2.1. Communication
Communication type RS232 serial interface, fully opto isolated
Baud rate: 2400 - 57,600 baud.
Connector: 9 pin D-type.
3.2.2. Display
Display: Graphic Liquid Crystal Display with LED backlight, 160 x 116 dots resolution.
3.2.3. NON - VOLATILE MEMORY
2048 Kbytes SRAM, battery backed.
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 13 - Ref 002
3.3. POWER SUPPLY
3.3.1. AC power supply
Operating range: 230 V a.c. + 10 % - 20 %, CAT III, 45 - 65 Hz, 8 VA
Fuse: F2 T 100 mA (250 V in the battery compartment)
Optional on request: 115 V a.c. + 10 % - 20 %, CAT III, 45 - 65 Hz, 8 VA
Fuse: F2 T 200 mA 250 V
3.3.2. DC power supply
Internal 4 x 1.2 V NiCd or NiMh rechargeable IEC LR14 batteries provide full operation for
up to 5 hours.
Internal battery charger, charging time approx. 10 hours.
Fuse: F1 T 630 mA (250 V in the battery compartment)
3.4. CALCULATION BASED QUANTITIES
3.4.1. Scope
Display options: Waveform of pairs (L1: U1 and I1; L2: U2 and I2; L3: U3 and I3);
U123, and I123
Ranging: Auto / manual
Waveform area: 150 (H) x 90 (V) dots
3.4.2. Meter
Displayed Quantities related to selected measuring connections per phase,
i.e.: measured voltage (U), current (I), and calculated active
power (P), apparent power (S), reactive power (Q), power factor
(Pf) with its characteristic (c, I, none), cosØ between U and I, and
calculated Line – Line voltage;
Quantities for complete three phase system, i.e.: calculated
active power (Pt), apparent power (St), reactive power (Qt),
power factor (Pft), neutral current (In);
Frequency of selected synchronization channel.
Basic accuracy for
P, Q, S: ± 1 % of reading
Resolution for P, Q, S: 0.01 of displayed value
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 14 - Ref 002
3.4.3. Spectrum
The instrument computes harmonics on signals sampled with an A/D converter.
Harmonics
Recording interval 160ms (8 cycles)
Calculation range DC – 63rd
Display range DC – 25th
Displayed items for selected harmonic Order, relative and absolute value
Range Limits of error Resolution
Ir, Ur THD HD on LCD and PC
2 … 100 % 0.2 % x Ur/U (Ir/I) 0.2 % x Ur/U (Ir/I) 0.1 %
Note: THD Total Harmonic Distortion
HD Harmonic Distortion
U
r Urange
I
r Irange
Mains Signaling / Interharmonics
Recording interval 160ms (8 cycles)
Display range DC – 512th
Displayed items Order, relative and absolute value
Range Limits of error Resolution
Ur THD HD on LCD
2 … 100 % 0.2 % x Ur/U 0.2 % x Ur/U 5 Hz
3.4.4. Energy
Displayed: Quantities from integration of calculated power as:
- cumulative values (TOTAL);
- partly cumulative (reset able by user request) (SUBTOTAL);
- values related to last integration period (LAST IP).
Quantities are: active energy (EP), capacitive energy (EQC),
inductive energy (EQI).
Basic accuracy: ± 1 % of reading
Resolution: 0.1 of displayed value
3.4.5. Recorder measurements
See paragraph Section III 3.2 Recorder set-up for detailed possibilities and ranges of
selected recording type.
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 15 - Ref 002
3.5. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Working temperature range: - 10 °C … + 45 °C
Storage temperature range:
Max. humidity:
Pollution degree:
Protection classification:
- 20 … 70 °C
85 % RH (0 ÷ 40 °C)
2
double insulation
Over voltage category: Voltage inputs: CAT III 600 V
AC power supply CAT III 300 V
Protection degree: IP 44
Dimensions: 265 x 110 x 18.5 mm3
Weight (without accessories): 2 kg
3.6. MAINTENANCE
3.6.1. Batteries
Instrument contains rechargeable NiCd or NiMh batteries. Do NOT replace with
alkaline cells. These batteries should only be replaced with the same type as
defined on the battery cover label or in this manual.
Hazardous voltages exist inside this Instrument. Disconnect all test leads,
remove the power supply cable and switch off instrument before removing
battery compartment cover.
If it is necessary to replace batteries, all four MUST be replaced. Ensure batteries are
installed with the correct polarity; incorrect polarity can damage the batteries and/or
the Instrument.
There may exist special environmental regulations concerning the disposal of
batteries. These must be followed.
In case of blown battery fuse (F1), this should be replaced with the same type as
defined on the label close to it.
3.6.2. Cleaning
To clean the surface of instrument, use a soft cloth slightly moistened with soapy water or
alcohol. Then leave the instrument to dry totally before use.
Do not use liquids based on petrol or hydrocarbons!
Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument!
3.6.3. Periodic calibration
To ensure correct measurement, it is essential that the Instrument be regularly calibrated. If
used continuously on a daily basis, a six monthly calibration period is recommended,
otherwise annual calibration is sufficient.
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
Utrecht
- 16 - Ref 002
3.6.4. Service
For repairs under warranty, or at any other time, please contact your distributor.
Manufacturer’s address:
Nieaf-Smitt B.V.
Vrieslantlaan 6
3526 AA Utrecht
The Netherlands
Tel: +31(0) 30 2881311
Fax: +31(0) 30 2898816
E-mail sales@nieaf-smitt.nl
The Instrument contains no user serviceable
parts. Only an authorized dealer must carry
out Service or calibration!
SECTION II INTERNAL OPERATION
Utrecht
- 17 - Ref 002
SECTION II
INTERNAL OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION
This section contains technical information on the internal operation of the Power Quality
Analyzer, including descriptions of measuring methods and recording principles.
2. MEASUREMENT METHODS
Measurement methods are based on the digital sampling of the input signals. Each input
(3 voltages and 3 currents) is sampled 128 times in each input cycle. Duration of this input
cycle depends on the frequency at the synchronization input (one of the 3 voltage inputs or
a current input). At 50 Hz, the input cycle period is 20 ms.
Basic measured values are calculated at the end of each sampling period and the results
are available on the display or are recorded.
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) based results are only calculated on every 8th input cycle
(every 160 ms @ 50 Hz).
The following equations are used for computing the given quantities.
Basic calculations
Parameter Equation for calculation Unit Formula N°
Phase voltage U u
x
x
ii
=
=
1
128
2
1
128
V [1]
Phase current Ii
xx
ii
=
=
1
128 2
1
128
A [2]
Phase active power Pui
xx
ix
ii
=∗
=
1
128 1
128
W [3]
Phase to phase voltage ()
U
uu
x
y
x
y
iii
=−
=
1
128
2
1
128
V [4]
Neutral conductor current Iiii
iii
i
0123
2
1
128
1
128
=++
=
() A [5]
SECTION II INTERNAL OPERATION
Utrecht
- 18 - Ref 002
Additional calculation (using basic values)
Parameter Equation for calculation Unit Formula N°
Phase apparent power SU
I
x
x
x
VA [6]
Phase reactive power QSP
xxx
=−
22
VAr [7]
Phase power factor PF P
S
xx
x
= [8]
Phase voltage crest factor Q
U
U
x
x
x
cr =∗
max 100 [18]
Phase current crest factor I
I
I
x
x
x
cr =∗
max 100 [19]
Additional calculation (using FFT transformation)
Phase voltage-current
angle
φ = φi - φu
φi, φu are calculated by FFT
VI angle for the
fundamental component
[9]
Phase voltage THD thd
hn
h
U
U
n
U
x
x
x
=∗
=
2
2
63
100
1 % [10]
Phase current THD thd
hn
h
x
x
x
n
I
I
I
1
=∗
=
2
2
63
100 % [11]
Phase voltage individual
harmonics Hn hn
h
U
U
U
x
x
x
=∗
1100 % [12]
Phase current individual
harmonics Hn hn
h
Ix
x
x
=∗
I
I
1100 % [13]
Total values
Total active power PPPP
t
123
W [14]
Total reactive power QQQQ
t
123
VAr [15]
Total apparent power SPQ
ttt
=+
22
VA [16]
Total power factor Pf
P
S
tt
t
= [17]
In a 3ϕ systems with a normal 3 wire connection, the following values are not available for
displaying and recording:
Neutral conductor current
Phase voltage-current angle
Phase power factor
Flicker measurements: according to IEC / 61000-4-15.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 19 - Ref 002
SECTION III
OPERATION MANUAL
1. GENERAL
This section describes how to operate and program the Instrument.
The instrument front panel consists of a graphic LCD display, a keypad and a rotary switch.
Measured data and current instrument status are shown on the display.
Fig. 6: Keypad
ESC / CONFIG To enter the configuration menu in all rotary switch positions and
To exit any procedure
ENTER To confirm new settings, start recording procedure
SELECT Enable selected signals
ARROW Move cursor and select parameters
LIGHT LCD backlight ON/OFF
Backlight is automatically turned off after 30 seconds of the last key
operation.
LIGHT + UP Increases display contrast
LIGHT + DOWN Decreases display contrast
HOLD / MANUAL Display Freeze, in SCOPE, METER and SPECTRUM functions and
Manual trigger in recording modes
Note: Throughout these instructions the ‘up arrow’ key is called the ‘UP key’, the ‘right
arrow’ key the ‘RIGHT key’, the ‘down arrow’ key the ‘DOWN key’ and the ‘left
arrow’ key the ‘LEFT key’.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 20 - Ref 002
One of seven functional/operating menus can be selected with the rotary selector switch:
OFF Power OFF
CONFIG. Instrument configuration menu
RECORD Data Logging (Recording) menus (periodics, waveforms, fast logging,
transients, EN 50160)
ENERGY Energy measurement
SPECTRUM Harmonic analysis menu
METER Basic power, current & voltage measurements
SCOPE Waveforms display & control
Fig. 7: Rotary switch functions
The instrument’s main design function is the logging of various parameters on power
distribution systems. Logging functions are selected on the right side of the rotary switch.
OFF All settings are saved.
Warning given if recording is in progress.
CONFIG. General configuration.
Submenus cover specific functions.
RECORD Data logging and monitoring (periodics, waveforms,
fast logging, transients, EN 50160).
Recording
mode
ENERGY Total and subtotal cumulative register (energy
counters).
The instrument can also be used for real time measurement, selectable on the left side of
the rotary switch. These functions are independent of recording status.
SPECTRUM Harmonic Analysis
METER Basic measurements on three phase systems
SCOPE Oscilloscope displays of measured waveforms
Real-time
measurements OFF All settings are saved.
Warning given if recording is in progress
Further information on the RECORDING Mode functions is available in Section VI
‘THEORY OF OPERATION.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 21 - Ref 002
2. OFF
Selecting OFF turns the instrument OFF after 2 seconds. All current settings and set
parameters are saved during this period in non-volatile memory. If switching OFF occurs
while the instrument is set for recording, this is treated as a POWER BREAK and the date
& time of Power OFF is saved. This will also occur if the instrument loses its power supply
while recording (see section II.3.5 Power Break Recording).
3. CONFIGURATION
Configuration menu can be selected by turning the rotary switch to CONFIG. position or
pressing ESC / CONFIG key.
Use this menu to set all parameters for Recording and Real time measurement.
From this main screen, various configuration sub-menus can be accessed, allowing
instrument parameters, measurement conditions and settings to be changed.
Instrument details, model number, software version & serial number and battery status,
are displayed only when the rotary switch is in the CONFIG position.
The legend “EXTR” is shown when the instrument is powered from the mains supply and
a “BATT” legend with its bar graph indicates that the instrument is powered by battery and
the charge state of the battery.
Fig. 8: Main Configuration menu
The main CONFIG menu consists of five items. Use the UP and DOWN keys to highlight
the appropriate item, then press the ENTER key to select it.
The HOLD key is ignored in this menu.
Note: Warning ‘CONFIG.ERROR’ is activated in case of confirmed incorrect
parameter selection.
ESC – clears warning and close accessed menu without any changes.
Enter - clears warning and resets accessed menu to the last stored state.
3.1. SYSTEM sub-menu
This sub-menu allows setting of the password, the serial port baud rate, instrument date &
time and language. From this menu the user can reinitialize the instrument to factory
settings, or clear the memory.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 22 - Ref 002
ENABLE PASSW. If the password is enabled CHANGE PASSW.
SER. PORT RATE
DATE/TIME
LANGUAGE
SYSTEM REINIT.
CLR.REC.MEM.
Use UP or DOWN keys to select the required menu item, then press the ENTER key.
ENABLE PASSW. To enable password, which protects from unauthorized changes.
CHANGE PASSW. Press Enter for a new four key combination and repeat the
combination for confirmation.
Press SELECT key to disable password.
Note:
The LCD key is not a valid password key
SER. PORT RATE Set the baud rate for serial communication port by using SELECT key.
(from 2400 to 57,600 baud)
DATE / TIME Use the LEFT or RIGHT key to select Date and Time fields and the UP
& DOWN keys to adjust date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
Press ENTER to confirm the settings or ESC to cancel any changes.
LANGUAGE To select appropriate language
SYSTEM REINIT Clears all settings and sets defaults values as below.
Recording mode PERIODICS
Recorder START / STOP MANUAL
Statistic ON
Periodic ON
Anomalies ON, fixed
Main IP 1 min
Power sub IP 1 per(iod)
Nominal voltage 230 V
Up/Down limits 10 %
Buffer mode linear
Selected channels none
Selected harmonic none
Voltage multiplier(K) 1
Current range 1000 A
Connection 4w
Sync. frequency 50 Hz
Sync. input AUTO
Serial port rate 57600
CLR.REC.MEM Clear all records in memory.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 23 - Ref 002
Other enabled items after system reinit function.
a) Harmonics
Line L1, L2 L3
thd thdU
U (order) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25
I (order) none
b) (Recorder) Signals
Line L1 U
Line L2 U
Line L3 U
T (three phase system) Freq, Uu
c) Recorder conditions
Recorder mode PERIODICS
Start MANUAL
Stop MANUAL
Statistics ON
Periodic ON
Anomaly window Fixed
Main integration period 1 min
Power sub integration period 1 per
Nominal voltage 230 V
Upper limit 10 %, 253 V
Lower Limit 10 %, 207 V
Buffer mode linear
d) Default settings for EN 50160 recording mode
Recorder mode EN 50160
Start MANUAL
Stop MANUAL
Flickers ON
Periodic ON
Anomaly window Fixed
Main integration period 10 min
Power sub integration period ---- (not defined)
Nominal voltage 230 V
Upper limit 10 %, 253 V
Lower Limit 10 %, 207 V
Buffer mode linear
Selected signals and harmonics are the same as above, see a) and b).
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 24 - Ref 002
3.1.1. PASSWORDS
All programming functions and recorder settings (including the start and stop of data
logging) are password protected. Unless the password is entered, the various settable
parameters and functions can only be viewed. In all configuration sub-menus, pressing
any edit key (UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, SELECT, ENTER) will activate password input
procedure. The instrument then asks for password before accessing selected menu or
activity.
PASSWORD: * * * * Default password
, SELECT, , ENTER
The password is automatically cleared 5 minutes after the last key operation.
Note: The instrument waits to enter password for 5 s then close password dialog with short
sound and flashed password error warning.
3.2. RECORDER (Data Logging) Set-up sub-menu
Use this sub-menu to set Data Logging mode, parameters and START / STOP conditions
for logging.
Note: Actual start or stop of logging can only be controlled from the main RECORD menu
(when rotary selector switch is in the RECORD position).
Table 3.1. contains summary of parameters for all recording modes.
Notes: When recording mode is changed the instrument gives the possibility to
reset parameters of selected mode to default value.
Parameters cannot be changed when logging is running.
rec.mode: PERIODICS
start 22.05.2001. 14:25
stop MANUAL
stat. ON
per. ON
anom. window FIXED
main. integ. per.: 1 min
power sub. i.p. : 1 per
nominal voltage : 230.0 V
upper limit : 10% 253.0 V
lower limit : 10% 207.0 V
buffer mode : circular
RECORDER :
conditions
12:44:00
20.05.2001.
To change recording mode, select line
rec. mode by using UP or DOWN key
and change it by pressing SELECT key.
Fig. 9: Recorder set-up example
Press ENTER to confirm the new settings or ESC to cancel.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 25 - Ref 002
Starting or Stopping of Data Logging is effected from the RECORD menu.
Recorder mode PERIODICS WAVEFORM
S FAST
LOGGING TRANSIENTS
EN 50160
Trigger level, manual,
timer
level,
manual,
timer
level, manual
Start manual, time manual, time
Stop manual, time manual, time
Signals U1, U2, U3;
I1, I2, I3
U1, U2, U3,
I1, I2, I3
U1 U2 U3,
I1 I2 I3
Store buffer per, sec 3) sec per
3)
Pretriger buffer per, sec 3) sec per
3)
Level trigger input U1, U2, U3;
I1, I2, I3;
Ux, Ix
U1, U2, U3,
I1, I2, I3,
Ux, Ix
Ux, Ix
Level trigger level V, A 2) V, A
2) ----, V, A 1)
Level trigger
slope rise, fall rise, fall
Trigger dL/scan ----, V, A 1)
Store mode Single shot,
repeat
Single shot,
repeat
Single shot,
repeat
Max record buffer per, sec 3) sec
3) per
3)
Flicker on, off
Periodic on, off on, off
statistic on, off
Anomaly window fixed, variable,
off
fixed, variable,
off
Main integration
per. 1 sec – 30 min 1 sec – 30 min
Power sub
integration period 1 per – 20 per
Nominal voltage 50 - 450 V 50 - 450V
Upper limit +1 to + 30 %
nominal voltage
+1 to + 30 %
nominal voltage
Lower limit -1 to - 30 %
nominal voltage
-1 to - 30 %
nominal voltage
Buffer mode linear, circular linear, circular
Notes: 1) Peak value for current and / or voltage
2) R.m.s. value for current and / or voltage
3) per: mains periods (cycles)
sec: seconds
Table 3.1: Summary of recording modes and parameters
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 26 - Ref 002
3.2.1. Parameters in PERIODICS
See Fig. 9 for PERIODICS menu.
START Use SELECT key to toggle between MANUAL and Date / time.
Manual Recording starts immediately if period recording is OFF.
If Periodic Recording is ON, there is a “null” seconds delay.
Date / time
START occurs at user preset date and time.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and
the UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
STOP Use SELECT key to toggle between MANUAL and Date / time.
Manual STOP in manual mode is immediate.
Date / time
STOP occur at user preset date and time.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and
the UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
STAT. Statistical Analysis
Use the SELECT key to enable and/or disable analysis.
ON Enabled Analysis
OFF Disabled Analysis
PER. Periodic Analysis
Use the SELECT key to enable and/or disable analysis.
ON Enabled Analysis
OFF
Disabled Analysis
ANOM. WINDOW
Abnormal window
Use the SELECT key to toggle between OFF, FIXED or VARIABLE
recording.
Voltage Anomaly recording is available only for the voltages
selected for recording (see 3.2.4 SIGNALS) regardless of the
status of Periodic Analysis. If no voltage is selected then there
would be no logging of Voltage Anomalies.
OFF Disabled abnormal window recording.
FIXED The window (and the Upper & Lower Limits) is set around the
nominal voltage and remains fixed during recording session.
VARIABLE
The window (and the Upper & Lower Limits) is set around the
average of dynamically calculated voltage. Use the LEFT and
RIGHT keys to adjust the averaging period for calculating new
values of average voltage (1 s to 900 s).
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 27 - Ref 002
MAIN INTEG. PER.
Main Integration period
Selected duration for Periodic Analysis.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the integration period
(between 1 s and 30 min).
POWER SUB. I.P.
Power sub Integration period
Averaging sub period for power measurement.
Used in Periodic Analysis to average readings (see PERIODIC
ANALYSIS and the accompanying Figure).
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required value (between 1
and 20 mains cycles).
NOMINAL VOLTAGE
The nominal voltage used as a reference in Voltage Anomaly
recording.
In FIXED window mode, this is the actual voltage used.
In VARIABLE window mode, this is the start value of voltage, later
modified to the average value of voltage during the previous
Integration Period while recording.
This value can be changed in METER Configuration Menu only.
UPPER LIMIT
LOWER LIMIT
These are the limits that define the pass window for Voltage
Anomaly recording. Any voltage value outside the specified limits is
detected and stored as an anomaly.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required limit:
- 1 % to 30 % of nominal voltage for upper limit and
- -1 % to - 30 % of nominal voltage for lower one.
BUFFER MODE
The data storage type for data logging (recorder) function that can
be performed in two ways: Linear or Circular.
Neither mode will affect any memory allocated for Statistical
Analysis.
Linear Recording stops when the memory is full.
Circular Recording is stopped when stop date/time is reached, or manually.
Once memory is full, the oldest data is over-written.
3.2.2. Parameters in WAVEFORMS
rec.mode: WAVEFORMS
trigg: LEVEL MANUAL TIMER
timer: 17.07.2001 11:01
signals: U1 U2 U3 I1 I2 I3
store buffer: 2 sec
pretrig.buff: 1 sec
lev.trg.input: Ux
lev.trg.level: 244.0 V
lev.trg.slope: RISE
store mode: SINGLE
max.rec.buff: 161 sec
RECORDER :
conditions
1
2:44:00
20.05.2001.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 28 - Ref 002
TRIGG
Trigger
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select any combination
of possible triggers: Level, Manual and Timer.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Level Recording starts when any of the selected input signals reach selected
level and slope.
Manual Recording starts immediately after start in Recorder menu.
Timer START occurs at user preset date and time. Timer is first condition
when the Level is also enabled.
TIMER
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and the
UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted
SIGNALS
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select any combination
of possible signals (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3) to trigger waveform
recording.
STORE BUFFER
Use the SELECT key to toggle between its length in periods (per)
and/or seconds (sec).
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length.
Range:
- sec > 2 s to max.rec.buf. value
- per > 10 per to max.rec.buf. value.
PRETRIG.BUFFER
Pre-trigger buffer
Use the SELECT key to toggle between its length in periods (per)
and/or seconds (sec).
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length.
Range:
- sec > 1 s to store buffer value - 1,
- per > 5 per to store buffer length - 1.
LEV. TRG. INPUT
Input for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between possible inputs for triggering
(U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3, Ux, Ix).
LEV. TRG. LEVEL
Input level for level triggering
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase level of selected
input(s).
LEV. TRG. SLOPE
Input slope for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between Rise and Fall slope of
selected input(s).
STORE MODE The data storage type for data logging (recorder) function that can be
performed in two ways: Single shot or Repeat.
Single shot Recording stops when the memory is full.
Repeat <n>
Recording is stopped when stop date/time is reached, or manually, or
when repeat value is reached.
Once memory is full, the oldest data is over-written.
Range: 2x to 254x or <max>
MAX.REC.BUF Maximum buffer length according to selected parameters.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 29 - Ref 002
3.2.3. Parameters in FAST LOGGING
rec.mode: FAST LOGG.
trigg: LEVEL MANUAL TIMER
timer: 17.07.2001 11:01
signals: U1 U2 U3 I1 I2 I3
store buffer: 2 sec
pretrig.buff: 1 sec
lev.trg.input: Ux
lev.trg.level: 244.0 V
lev.trg.slope: RISE
store mode: SINGLE
max.rec.buff: 10321 sec
RECORDER :
conditions
1
2:44:00
20.05.2001.
TRIGG
Trigger
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select any combination
of possible triggers: Level, Manual and Timer.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Level Recording starts when any of selected input signals reach selected
level and slope.
Manual Recording starts immediately after start in Recorder menu.
Timer START occurs at user preset date and time. Timer is first condition
when the Level is also enabled.
TIMER
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and the
UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
SIGNALS
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select any combination
of possible signals (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3) to trigger waveform
recording.
STORE BUFFER
Buffer length in seconds (sec).
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length in
range: 2 s to max.rec.buf. value.
PRETRIG.BUFFER
Pre-trigger buffer
Buffer length in seconds (sec).
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length in
range: 1 s to store buffer length - 1.
LEV.TRG.INPUT
Input for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between possible inputs for triggering
(U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3, Ux, Ix).
LEV.TRG.LEVEL
Input level for level triggering
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase level of selected
input(s).
LEV.TRG.SLOPE
Input slope for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between Rise and Fall slope of
selected input(s).
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 30 - Ref 002
STORE MODE The data storage type for data logging (recorder) function that can be
performed in two ways: Single shot or Repeat.
Single
shot
Recording stops when the memory is filled.
Repeat
<n>
Recording is stopped when stop date/time is reached, or manually, or
when repeat value is reached.
Once memory is full, the oldest data is over-written.
Range: 2x to 254x or <max>
MAX. REC. BUF Maximum buffer length according to selected signals.
3.2.4. Parameters in TRANSIENTS
rec.mode: TRANSIENTS
trigg: LEVEL MANUAL
signals: U1 U2 U3 I1 I2 I3
store buffer: 2 per
pretrig.buff: 1 per
lev.trg.input: Ux
lev.trg.level: 244.8 V
trig. dV/scan: ----
store mode: SINGLE SHOT
max.rec.buff: 50 per
RECORDER :
conditions
1
2:44:00
20.05.2001.
TRIGG
Trigger
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select any combination
of possible triggers: Level and Manual.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Level Recording starts when any of selected input signals reach selected
level and slope.
Manual Recording starts immediately after start in Recorder menu.
SIGNALS
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT and SELECT keys to select a combination of
possible signals (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3) to trigger recording of
transients.
STORE BUFFER
Buffer length in periods (per) in range:
10 per to max.rec.buf value.
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length.
PRETRIG.BUFFER
Pre-trigger buffer
Buffer length in periods (per) in range:
10 per to store buffer length - 1.
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase the length.
LEV.TRG.INPUT
Input for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between possible inputs for triggering
(Ux, Ix).
LEV.TRG.LEVEL
Input level for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between selected input triggers
(Ux: V or Ix: A) and none (----).
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 31 - Ref 002
Use LEFT and/or RIGHT keys to decrease / increase level of selected
input(s).
TRIG. dV/scan
Input slope for level triggering
Use the SELECT key to toggle between selected input triggers
(Ux: V or Ix: A) and none (----).
STORE MODE
The data storage type for data logging (recorder) function that can be
performed in two ways: Single shot or Repeat.
Neither mode will affect any memory allocated for Statistical Analysis.
Single shot Recording stops when the memory is full.
Repeat <n>
Recording is stopped when stop date/time is reached, or manually, or
when repeat value is reached.
Once memory is filled, the oldest data is over-written.
Range: 2x to 254x or <max>
MAX. REC. BUF Maximum buffer length according to selected parameters.
3.2.5. Parameters in EN 50160
rec.mode: EN 50160
start MANUAL
stop MANUAL
flick: ON
per: ON
anom. window FIXED
main. integ. per.: 1 min
power sub. i.p. : 1 per
nominal voltage : 230.0 V
upper limit : 10% 253.0 V
lower limit : 10% 207.0 V
buffer mode : circular
RECORDER :
conditions
1
2:44:00
20.05.2001.
START Use SELECT key to toggle between MANUAL and Date / time.
Manual Recording starts immediately if period recording is OFF.
If Periodic Recording is ON, there is a “null” seconds delay.
Date /
time
START occurs at user preset date and time.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and
the UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
STOP Use SELECT key to toggle between MANUAL and Date / time.
Manual STOP in manual mode is immediate.
Date /
time
STOP occurs at user preset date and time.
Recording can be stopped manually at any time.
Use LEFT or RIGHT keys to select between Date / Time fields and
the UP & DOWN keys to set a new date or time.
Only valid date/time values will be accepted.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 32 - Ref 002
FLICK Flicker Analysis
Use the SELECT key to enable and/or disable analysis.
ON Enabled Analysis
OFF Disabled Analysis
PER. Periodic Analysis
Use the SELECT key to enable and/or disable analysis.
ON Enabled Analysis
OFF Disabled Analysis
ANOM. WINDOW
Anomaly window
Toggling between OFF, FIXED or VARIABLE recording is possible in
PERIODICS (see Section III, paragraph 3.2.1) or using a PC software.
Voltage Anomaly recording is available only for the voltages
selected for recording (see 3.2.4 SIGNALS) regardless of the status
of EN 50160 Analysis. If no voltage is selected, there will be no
logging of Voltage Anomalies.
OFF Disabled anomaly window recording.
FIXED The window (and the Upper & Lower Limits) is set around the nominal
voltage and remains fixed during recording session.
VARIABLE
The window (and the Upper & Lower Limits) is set around the average
of dynamically calculated voltage. Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to
adjust the averaging period for calculating new values of average
voltage (1 s to 900 s).
MAIN INTEG.
PER.
Main Integration period
Selected duration for Periodic Analysis.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the integration period (between 1
s and 30 min).
POWER SUB. I.P. Power sub Integration period
This function is not active in EN 50160 Recording mode
NOMINAL
VOLTAGE
The nominal voltage used as a reference in Voltage Anomaly recording.
In FIXED window mode, this is the actual voltage used.
In VARIABLE window mode, this is the start value of voltage, later
modified to the average value of voltage during the previous Integration
Period while recording.
This value can be changed in METER Configuration Menu only.
UPPER LIMIT
LOWER LIMIT
These are the limits that define the pass window for Voltage Anomaly
recording. Any voltage value outside the specified limits is detected and
stored as an anomaly.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set the required limit:
- 1 % to 30 % of nominal voltage for upper limit and
- - 1 % to - 30 % of nominal voltage for lower one.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 33 - Ref 002
BUFFER MODE
The data storage type for data logging (recorder) function that can be
performed in two ways: Linear or Circular.
Neither mode will affect any memory allocated for Statistical Analysis.
Linear Recording stops when the memory is full.
Circular Recording is stopped when stop date/time is reached, or manually.
Once memory is full, the oldest data is over-written.
Note: When EN 50160 recording mode is selected the instrument puts the message:
Enter for default sett. after pressing any cursor key.
- If Enter is pressed the instruments prepares default settings and
selections as are defined in chapter 3.1. d. This settings are also
recommended for EN 50160 recording mode.
- If ESC is pressed current settings are accepted.
3.3. SIGNALS sub-menu
This menu allows selection of signals, and calculated parameters for storage during Data
Logging (recording) for PERIODICS and EN 50160. A maximum of 64 signals can be
selected; the number of residual free locations is shown in the upper right corner of the
display and is common for Signals and Harmonics menus.
Signals sub-menu enables selection of phase and/or total 3ϕ values.
Note: Selecting a voltage signal U will also automatically enable logging of Voltage
Anomalies for that phase (if Voltage Anomaly recording mode is selected as
FIXED or VARIABLE).
Fig. 10: Signal Sub-menu
Use LEFT, RIGHT, UP and DOWN keys to select the required signal. Enable or disable
the signal for recording with the SELECT key.
Press ENTER to confirm the new settings or ESC to cancel.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 34 - Ref 002
3.4. HARMONICS sub-menus
This menu allows selection of harmonics for storage during Data Logging (recording) for
PERIODICS and EN 50160. A maximum of 64 signals can be selected; the number of
residual free locations is shown in the upper right corner of the display and is common for
Signals and Harmonics menus.
Selected harmonics are valid for all the selected phases (L1, L2, L3 as shown at the top of
the screen).
It is not possible to set different combinations for individual phases.
Selecting one or more harmonics will automatically select total harmonic distortion (THD)
measurement.
Use LEFT, RIGHT, UP and DOWN keys to select the required signal. Enable or disable
the signal for recording with the SELECT key.
Press ENTER to confirm the new settings or ESC to cancel.
Fig. 11: Harmonics Sub-menu
Note: In EN 50160 recordings can be selected up to 18 harmonics.
3.5. METER sub-menu
This menu allows setting of various input parameters. These parameters are used for
calculating the true r.m.s. values of all measured and calculated quantities, for scaling
input signals and for synchronization.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 35 - Ref 002
METER Configuration
Irange(1V) : 1000A
Uinp.K.(*) : 1
sync.inpt. : auto
last calb.:
18.06.2001 09:18
connection : 4wire
sync.freq : 50 Hz
Unomin.(V) : 230.0 V
Fig. 12: Meter Configuration Sub-menu
Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the required parameter.
UNOMIN.(v) Range:
50.0 V to
450.0 V
Nominal measuring range of instrument voltage inputs. It is
used for calculation and display of results only.
Default value is 230.0 V.
Uinp.K.(*) Range:
1 to 800
Scaling factor for voltage inputs.
This allows for external voltage transformers or dividers that
may be used and ensures that readings are related to the
primary.
Example: for 11 kV / 110 V, the multiplication factor must be set
to 100.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set Uinp.K.
Standard and default value is 1.
Displayed full scale voltage range is UNOMIN. * UINP.K.
Irange (1V) Range:
1 A to 30 kA
Scale factor for current inputs.
Defines the current equivalent to a 1 V input signal.
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to set Irange.
Standard and default value is 1000 A.
connection Defines the method of connecting the Instrument to the 3ϕ
systems:
4 wire 3ϕ 4-wire system (with a Neutral conductor).
All voltage and current inputs are used.
3wire 3ϕ 3-wire system (without Neutral conductor) 3 current
transformers used.
AARON
3ϕ 3-wire system (without Neutral conductor) (also known as
the ‘2 wattmeter method’) 2 current transformers used.
Press SELECT key for connection type selection.
sync. freq. 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Default mains frequency for input cycle period/scanning.
It is ignored when the instrument detects valid frequency on the
selected sync. input.
Press SELECT key for selection of system frequency.
sync. inp. U1, U2, U3, I1,
AUTO
Default synchronisation input.
Use fixed input for synchronisation or auto detect mode
(automatic scanning for a valid synchronisation input).
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 36 - Ref 002
Press SELECT key for selection between inputs.
last calb. Information about last calibration of the instrument.
Notes: Settings for Uinp.K. and Irange affect all displayed values (power, energy,
harmonic components, etc).
Maximum value of UINP.K. depends on selected IRANGE according to following
approximation:
UINP.K. * IRANGE < 109000
Press ENTER to confirm new settings or press ESC to cancel.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 37 - Ref 002
4. RECORDER (DATA LOGGING)
Use this function to display the present data logging (recording) status and the selected
main Data Logging parameters. Recording can be started or stopped from this screen.
4.1. START or STOP Data Logging
The following procedure describes the START and / or STOP of Data Logging:
a) Press SELECT key. The password entry screen is opened
b) Enter the password. After confirming the password, press ENTER to start or stop
Data Logging (depending on current status).
c) If START is selected, the instrument checks the current set of
recording parameters before start of logging data.
If the instrument is set for recording, this will be indicated on the display irrespective of the
position of the rotary Selector Switch:
Rec.On: Recording in progress
Rec.Wt: Waiting to start recording
SEND: Instrument is sending data to a PC
HOLD: To temporarily froze display contents;
In SCOPE, METER and SPECTRUM functions only
20.05.2001. 12:44:39
Change recorder mode in: CONFIG \
RECORDER \ rec.mode
20.05.2001. 12:44:39
20.05.2001. 12:44:39
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 38 - Ref 002
20.05.2001. 12:44:39
20.05.2001. 12 :44: 39
Fig. 13: Example RECORDER screens
4.2. Checking and changing Recording or Configuration
parameters
To check the parameters and settings of the instrument press ESC / CONFIG key or turn
the rotary switch into CONFIG. See paragraph 3. Configuration. When data logging is in
operation the parameters can only be observed. Data logging must stop to change any
parameter or setting.
4.3. Common data logging parameters
In RECORDER function the display is divided into three sections. Upper section is
common, middle and bottom sections are specific to the selected recording mode. The
common section contains the following parameters:
rec.mode Actual recording mode selected in CONFIGURATION RECORDER menu
PERIODICS
WAVEFORMS
FAST LOGG.
TRANSIENTS
EN 50160
rec.stat. Present recorder status:
NOP No operation
WAIT Recorder (in AUTO mode) is waiting for start date & time
RUN Recorder is running
STOP Recorder (in AUTO mode) has been stopped manually.
Recording aborted.
COMPLETE Recording completed
mem.free Recording memory available
100% Empty memory
0% Full memory
rec.no Number of stored record buffers
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 39 - Ref 002
4.4. Periodics recorder
start If the instrument is in Rec.Wait mode and the memory is empty, the
programmed START date & time is displayed.
If instrument is in Rec.Run mode, the actual recording start date & time (as
opposed to the programmed one) is displayed.
stop: If the instrument is in Rec.Wait or Rec.Run mode, the programmed STOP
date & time is displayed.
If the instrument is in Rec.Stop or Rec.Complete mode, the actual recording
stop date & time (as opposed to the programmed one) is displayed.
Under certain circumstances, the instrument also displays the reason for
stopping the recording:
MANUAL BREAK
Manual stop in AUTO stop mode
END OF MEM. Memory full (in linear memory mode)
stat Statistical Analysis enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF).
anom The number of detected and saved Voltage Anomalies.
If currently in a Voltage Anomaly, a flashing arrow points to the number.
per Number of recorded periods from start of data logging.
int.per Current integration period (IP) in seconds.
max Approx max. number of periods that can be saved (in Linear Buffer mode
only).
pwbrk N° of power ON/OFF events during the current recording period.
4.5. Waveforms recorder
trigg Selected triggers for initiating of the selected
logging.
Selected timer trigger also displays logging start
time.
signals Selected signals for logging.
tot. rec. buf Length of store buffer for logging after trigger.
lev. trg.
cond Selected trigger input, level and slope.
It is visible only when level triggering is enabled.
Symbol ‘>’ shows rising slope and ‘<’ falling
slope.
store mode Selected storing mode.
In repeat mode the instrument displays the
number of repeat shots still available
I
1WAVEFORMS
19 . 8 A
rec. no: 1
22 . 9 A T = LEVEL
Note:
Last detected event is
displayed
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 40 - Ref 002
4.6. Fast logging recorder
trigg Selected triggers for initiating of the selected
logging.
Selected timer trigger also displays the time to start
logging
signals Selected signals for logging.
tot. rec. buf Length of store buffer for logging after trigger.
lev. trg.
cond Selected trigger input, level and slope.
It is visible only when level triggering is enabled.
Symbol ‘>’ shows rising slope and ‘<’ falling slope.
store mode Selected storing mode.
In repeat mode the instrument displays the number
of repeat shots still available
I
1FAST LOGGING
19 . 8 A
rec. no: 1
0 . 0 A T = LEVEL
Note:
Last detected event is
displayed
4.7. Transients recorder
trigg Selected triggers for initiating of the selected
logging.
signals Selected signals for logging.
tot. rec. buf Length of store buffer for logging after trigger.
lev. trg.
cond Selected trigger input and level.
It is visible only when level triggering is enabled.
trg. dL/scan Minimum slope to trigger.
It is visible only when level triggering is enabled.
store mode Selected storing mode.
In repeat mode the instrument displays the
number of repeat shots still available
U1TRANSIENTS
325 . 2 V
rec. no: 1
T = LEVEL
318 . 2 V
Note:
Last detected event is
displayed
4.8. EN 50160 recorder
start If the instrument is in Rec.Wait mode and the memory is empty, the
programmed START date & time is displayed.
If instrument is in Rec.Run mode, the actual recording start date & time (as
opposed to the programmed one) is displayed.
stop If the instrument is in Rec.Wait or Rec.Run mode, the programmed STOP
date & time is displayed.
If the instrument is in Rec.Stop or Rec.Complete mode, the actual recording
stop date & time (as opposed to the programmed one) is displayed.
Under certain circumstances, the instrument also displays the reason for
stopping the recording:
MANUAL BREAK
Manual stop in AUTO stop mode
END OF MEM. Memory full (in linear memory mode)
flick Flicker Analysis enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF).
anom The number of detected and saved Voltage Anomalies.
If currently in a Voltage Anomaly, a flashing arrow points to the number.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 41 - Ref 002
per Number of recorded periods from start of data logging.
int.per Current integration period (IP) in seconds
max Approx max. number of periods that can be saved (in Linear Buffer mode only)
pwbrk N° of power ON/OFF events during the current recording period.
5. ENERGY
This function displays the various energy registers.
e
eQ
P
C
eQ i
eP
eQC
eQi
eP
eQ+
+
c
eQi+
eP
eQc
eQi
-
-
-
SUBTOTAL
=
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
LAST I.P.
000000000.00
000000000.00
000000000.00
000000000 .00
000000000.00
000000000.00
00000 .00
00000 .00
00000.00
00000.00
00000 .00
00000 .00
kh
kh
kh
kh
kV
A
r
kV
A
r
kV
A
r
kV
A
r
h
h
h
h
kV
A
rh
kV
A
rh
kV
A
rh
kV
A
rh
Fig. 14: Energy Registers
Top three lines: Total cumulative registers of
Active energy Ep in kWh
Reactive capacitive energy EQC in kVAr
Reactive inductive energy EQi in kVAr
SUBTOTAL lines: Subtotal cumulative registers of
Active energy Ep in kWh
Reactive capacitive energy EQC in kVAr
Reactive inductive energy EQi in kVAr
To reset the Total and / or Subtotal registers:
a) Press SELECT key. The password entry screen is opened.
b) Enter the password.
c) After confirming the password, press ENTER to reset the Subtotals or ESC to quit.
d) After resetting subtotals, press ENTER to reset the Totals or ESC to quit.
LAST IP lines: Display energy in last integration period (if data logging
is active):
Active positive energy Ep+ in kWh
Reactive positive capacitive energy EQc+ in kVAr
Reactive positive inductive energy EQi+ in kVAr
Active negative energy Ep+ in kWh
Reactive negative capacitive energy EQc+ in kVAr
Reactive negative inductive energy EQi+ in kVAr
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 42 - Ref 002
Note: At least one signal from Signal Sub-menu ( Fig. 10) and Periodics from
Configuration Sub-menu ( Fig. 9) must be selected.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 43 - Ref 002
6. SPECTRUM
6.1. Harmonic Analysis
This function displays the results of Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) calculations in
numeric and graphic mode.
Graphs are auto scaled in order to ensure maximum resolution.
The top line provides information on the selected input (U1, I1, U2, I2, U3, I3), its absolute
value and the synchronization frequency.
The bottom line provides details of the selected harmonic component and its absolute and
percentage values. The equivalent bar graph is identified by a flashing cursor.
Fig. 15: Harmonic Analysis
Use LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the required bargraph, and the SELECT key to
choose the required input signal (U1, I1, U2, I2, U3, I3).
6.2. Mains Signaling and Interharmonic Analysis
If a signal decomposition with Fourier transformation results with presence of a frequency that is
not integer multiple of fundamental, this frequency is called interharmonic frequency and
component with such frequency is called interharmonic.
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Hz
harmonicfundamental 2
nd
harmonic
group
interharmonic
group
harmonic
group
Fig. 15a: Detail of interharmonics spectra
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 44 - Ref 002
Mains Signaling is classified in four groups:
ripple control systems (110 Hz to 3000 Hz)
medium-frequency power-line carrier systems (3kHz – 20kHz)
radio-frequency power-line carrier systems (20kHz – 148.5kHz)
mains-mark system
10
0.1
0.1 1 10010
9
5
1.5
3
signal level: Us/Un (%)
frequency (kHz)
EN50150
IEC
Fig 15b: Mains Signaling voltage level limits according EN50160 and IEC
To enable 'SIGNAL / INTER' menu press ENTER key in Spectrum screen. Use UP and
DOWN keys to toggle between 'Harmonics' and 'Signal/Inter' option and press ENTER to
select required one (see Fig.15a). Mains Signaling and Interharmonic measurements are
part of EN50160 measurement. If EN50160 is not selected, 'Select EN50160' message is
displayed.
SIGNAL/ INTER.
226.1 V
0.23%
h3
50.01Hz
0.5V
10%
thd= 3.1%
HARMONICS
06:46:44
Select EN50160
U1
HARMONICS
226.1 V
0.23% 0.5V
sel.freq.
10%
150Hz
SIGNAL/ INTER.
06:46:44
U1
Fig. 15c: Mains Signaling / Interharmonic Analysis
Use LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the required frequency (from DC to 2560Hz - 5Hz
step), and the SELECT key to choose the required input signal (U1, U2, U3,).
EN50160
IEC
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 45 - Ref 002
7. METER
This function displays the basic measured quantities (AC) in the 3ϕ system. The display
format and legends (V, kV, A, kA, W, kW, MW, etc…) are automatically selected
appropriate to the measured values. The following quantities are displayed:
Phase r.m.s. voltage (U1, U2, U3).
Phase r.m.s. current (I1, I2, I3).
Per phase signed active, apparent and reactive powers (±P, ±S, ±Q).
Power Factors with indication of direction (capacitive or inductive).
Phase angle between voltage and current.
Phase to phase r.m.s. voltage (V1-2, V2-3, V3-1).
Total 3ϕ signed active, apparent and reactive powers. (±Pt, ±St, ±Qt)
Total 3ϕ Power Factor with indication of direction (capacitive or inductive).
System frequency.
Current in neutral conductor, r.m.s. value.
Fig. 16: Meter Display Screen
Notes: In 3
ϕ
systems with a 3wire connection, the Instrument does not display values
for the 3rd phase. The central (TOTALS) line may then display two additional
messages:
seq? When three phase system is not connected in the correct phase
sequence (L1-L2-L3).
pow? When active power in one or more phase is negative.
Frequency will be displayed in inverse if the instrument is unable to find a valid
sync. input. The default sync. frequency (as defined elsewhere) is used.
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 46 - Ref 002
8. SCOPE (OSCILLOSCOPE FUNCTION)
This function provides signal waveform displays together with summary details of the
signal. The displayed signals are auto-scaled to suit the display, and may vary dependant
on the total harmonic distortion.
The top line provides information about the selected input (U1, I1, U2, I2, U3, I3), its value
and the synchronization frequency.
Fig. 17: Scope Display without display of additional information
Use the SELECT key to toggle between the signal display options (L1, L2, L3,
3U, 3I, L1…).
Display of additional information is controlled by toggling the ENTER key.
To scale voltage waveforms: Use LEFT or RIGHT keys
To scale current waveforms: Use UP or DOWN keys
Fig. 18: Scope Display with display of additional information
SECTION III OPERATION MANUAL
Utrecht
- 47 - Ref 002
9. FREQUENCY AND OVERLOAD INFORMATION
For METER, SCOPE and SPECTRUM screens
The synchronization frequency is measured on the input selected in the meter
configuration menu (U1, U2, U3, I1 or AUTO). If no valid frequency can be detected (after
software filtering) the Instrument will, if in AUTO mode, scan the other channels for a
signal that could be used for synchronization. If no stable frequency signal can be found,
the Instrument will use the default (50-60 Hz) frequency selected in the METER
configuration menu and display this frequency value in inverse.
An overload detected on any input is indicated on the instrument display in inverse mode
of the particular input value.
Overload conditions are:
a) Voltage inputs: U > 550 V ac r.m.s. and / or U > 770 Vp,
b) Current inputs: U > 2 V ac r.m.s. and / or U > 2.5 Vp
SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS
Utrecht
- 48 - Ref 002
SECTION IV
CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS
WARNING!
This Instrument requires connection to dangerous voltages.
Use suitable safety accessory.
This instrument can be connected to the 3ϕ system in 3 ways:
3ϕ four wire system L1, L2, L3,N; I1, I2, I3
3ϕ three wires system L12, L23, L31; I1, I2, I3
Aaron (2 wattmeter) 3ϕ connection L12, L32, I1, I2
The actual connection scheme must be defined in METER Configuration menu (see Fig 19
below).
Fig. 19: Meter Configuration Menu
Use LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the appropriate connections scheme.
When connecting the instrument, it is essential that both current and voltage connections
are correct. In particular, the following rules must be observed:
Current Clamp-on current transformers
The arrow marked on the Current Clamp-on current transformers must point in
the direction of current flow, from supply to load.
If a Clamp-on current transformer is connected in reverse, the measured power in
that phase would normally appear negative.
Phase Relationships
The Clamp-on current transformer connected to current input connector I1 MUST
measure the current in the phase line to which the voltage probe from L1 is
connected.
Wiring connections are shown in Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 below.
On systems where the voltage is measured on the secondary side of a voltage transformer
(say 11 kV / 110 V), a scaling factor taking account of that voltage transformer ratio must
be entered in order to ensure correct measurement (see Section III 3.2.5 METER
Configuration).
SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS
Utrecht
- 49 - Ref 002
1. 3ϕ 4-wire system (with Neutral conductor)
L2
L1
4W
3 phase
+ neutral
L3
N
Fig. 20: 3
ϕ
4 wire system
2. 3ϕ 3-wire system with 3 current transformers (no Neutral conductor)
L2
L1
3W
3 phase
L3
Fig. 21: 3
ϕ
3 wire system with 3 current transformers
3. 3ϕ 3-wire system with 2 current transformers (2 Wattmeter connection)
L2
L1
Aaron
3 phase
L3
Fig. 22: 3
ϕ
3 wire system with 2 current transformers (2 Wattmeter connection)
SECTION IV CONNECTION TO POWER SYSTEMS
Utrecht
- 50 - Ref 002
WARNING
Connecting to Current Transformers
The secondary of a current transformer must NOT be open
circuited when on a live circuit.
An open circuit secondary can result in a dangerously high
voltage across the terminals.
Fig. 23: Connecting to existing current transformers on a high voltage system
L2
L1
high
voltage
power plant
measuring instruments
A
xA / 5A
xA / 5A
xA / 5A
AA
L3
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 51 - Ref 002
SECTION V
PC software
1. INTRODUCTION
The Power Quality Analyzer is supplied complete with a powerful suite of Windows
software that can be used for:
Configuring the Instrument
Setting measurement parameters
Download of recorded data
Off-line analysis of recorded data
On-line capture and analysis of current voltage and power signals.
The software also provides the necessary tools to allow measured data etc to be included
in various reports.
The Minimum requirement for running the software is the ability of the PC to run Windows
95.
EXIT
DIRECT LINK
SELEC T REC O RDIN G FO R AN ALYSIS
EDIT INSTRUM EN T SETTINGS
DOWNLOAD DATA FROM INSTRUM ENT
HELP
PRINTER
SETTING S
REM O TE STOP
OPEN
FILE
REM O TE START
PO RT
SETTINGS
CHANGE LANGUAGE
SC O PE
Fig. 24: Basic opening screen
The Basic opening screen is the starting point for all actions. It provides general
information about the Instrument and - by clicking on 'toolbar buttons' or selecting pull-
down menus - access to all functions. The buttons provide access to:
Download of data
Setting Instrument configuration parameters
Analysis of downloaded or previously saved data
Direct Link - Operating on-line with the Instrument
Data Logging START/STOP
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 52 - Ref 002
2. INSTRUMENT SET-UP
To set the instrument configuration parameters, double click on Settings; the program will
download current settings from the instrument and display them on the screen.
Fig. 25: Instrument settings screen
The Instrument settings screen contains the instrument data and parameters fields and
buttons. Buttons are:
Details To edit the parameters of a selected recording type
Send To send Set-up parameters to the instrument
Read To download Set-up parameters from the instrument
Close To close this settings screen
Help To run online help
To change values on parameter fields, double click on the specific field and select
between the available options.
User note This field is available for entry of any text Name, Survey
Reference, etc.
Instrument Baud
Rate
Increment / Decrement the value using PgUp / PgDown keys or
double click to the following dialog, see Fig. 26.
Fig. 26: Baud Rate Set-up screen
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 53 - Ref 002
U factor Voltage Transformer Ratio
Increment / Decrement the value using PgUp / PgDown keys.
I range (A) Scale Factor for the Current Transformers
Increment / Decrement the value using PgUp / PgDown keys.
Connection Select the System Connection.
Note:
Aaron is a 3 wire measurement with 2 current transformers
Fig. 27: Connection screen
Frequenc
y (Hz)
To toggle between 50 Hz and 60 Hz, double click on the Frequency field.
Sync. Input Frequency Synchronization Input
Select the input using PgUp / PgDown keys.
Type of
recording
Select the type of Data Analysis required.
Fig. 28: Recording Set-up screen
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 54 - Ref 002
To view details on the selected type of recording click on DETAILS button.
To return to the Main Menu, click on the Close button.
Fig. 29a: Details screen for ’periodic’ recording
Fig. 29b: Details screen for ’Waveforms’ & ‘Fast logging’ recording
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 55 - Ref 002
Fig. 29c: Details screen for ‘Transients’ recording
Fig. 29d: Details screen for‘EN50160’ recording
Selected
signals
In PERIODICS and EN 50160
From the list of available signals, select those signals that you require to be
logged, recorded and analyzed.
To select a signal, click the left mouse button on the selected parameter.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 56 - Ref 002
Fig. 30: Data Logging Signal Selection screen
Details for recording modes (waveforms, fast logging, transients, and EN 50160) are given
in Section III, chapter 3.2 RECORDER.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 57 - Ref 002
3. ANALYSIS OF RECORDED DATA
Remote Start
Button to Start Recording.
Download button
Download data from instrument to
the PC.
Remote Stop
Button to Stop Recording.
Analysis button
The File settings and Analyze
menu is opened.
The following procedure is required to analyze data:
a) Stop recording and wait for the instrument to complete its recording activity.
b) Press the download button, the List of recordings to be downloaded is presented.
c) Select recordings to download.
d) Start downloading; file-save menu will open to store records on disc.
e) Wait for completion of data transfer.
f) Press Analysis button, file-open menu will open to select and open data file.
g) After confirming the entered filename the List of recordings window will open.
h) Select one of these recordings for analysis.
Types of recordings are periodics, waveforms, fast logging, transients and EN50160.
Note: In f) any data file can be opened for later analysis
Fig. 31: List of recordings
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 58 - Ref 002
3.1. SCREENS IN PERIODICS RECORDING MODE
Fig. 32: Data Logging Set-up and Status screen for EN 50160 (also for Periodics)
Recorded signals (available for analysis) are colored blue.
To select a signal for analysis, click on the blue colored field, which changes to red when
selected.
Once parameters have been selected, click ‘Execute’ on the Menu Bar and select the
type of analysis required:
- Statistical Analysis
- Periodic Analysis
- Voltage Anomalies.
In the following examples, U1 and U2 have been selected for analysis; the Integration
Period is set to 10 min.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 59 - Ref 002
Periodic Analysis
Recorded data can be analyzed in numerical form.
Fig. 33: Tabular Data Analysis screen
Data can also be graphed, with advanced navigating and search facilities. To create graph
select desired columns (max. 9) and then select: Execute \ Draw selected columns.
Buttons:
N,S,W,E
Navigation
buttons
F Restore original
screen
Cur Cursor on / off
G% Y axis in [%]
Gn Y axis normal
z Graph window
y+ Zoom in (Y axis)
y- Zoom out (Y
axis)
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 60 - Ref 002
Fig.34: Graphic Data Analysis screen
Voltage Anomalies
Recordings of Voltage Anomalies (or Voltage Breaks) can be displayed in both numerical
and graphic format.
Fig. 35: Voltage Anomalies and Breaks screen
A full listing of all Voltage Anomalies is provided, together with the set-up information, and
an analysis of each record can be quickly viewed in both graphic and tabular form.
Statistical Analysis
A Statistical Analysis of recorded data can be displayed in both numerical and graphic
format.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 61 - Ref 002
Fig. 36: Statistical Analysis screen
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 62 - Ref 002
3.2. SCREENS IN WAVEFORMS RECORDING MODE
Fig. 37:Waveforms analysis screen
EXIT
SEA RC H FO R
TRIGGER
ZOOM MAGNITUD ES
SHO W / HI D E
GRID
SHO W / HI D E
CURSOR
SC A LE TO SELECTED
SI G N A L
GO TO END
OF GRAPH
FULL Y
AXIS
FULL X
AXIS
SC ROLL G RAPH
HELP
PRINT
SI G N A LS FO R
DISPLAYING
EQ UALIZED
SI G N A LS
COPY TO
CLIPBOARD
LIST OF
REC O RD ING S
REC O RD IN G HEA D E
R
(INFO WINDOW)
GO TO START
OF GRAPH
Fig. 38: Fast buttons
Fig. 39:Waveform info & magnitudes screen
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 63 - Ref 002
3.3. FAST LOGGING RECORDING MODE
Fig. 40: Fast logging analysis screen
3.4. TRANSIENTS RECORDING MODE
Fig. 41: Transients analysis screen
The table on the right gives information about the measured values in cursor position
(when the cursor is shown – show hide cursor button).
CP – Cursor Point
CT – Cursor Time
RT1 – Range Time 1 (range start time)
RT2 – Range Time 2 (range stop time)
All values are related to the trigger point.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 64 - Ref 002
The table on the bottom of the screen is calculated from the values between start and stop
time (RT1 and RT2). To set start and stop time it is necessary to activate cursor (red
vertical line is shown on graph). Select the desired start point on graph and press right
mouse bottom to select “Range start”. This point will be marked on the graph.
Initially RT1. and RT2 are 0 and when the first ( start time) RT1 is set it will be taken as
stop time because it is greater then RT2 – (values in table are always calculated between
RT1 and RT2)
3.5. EN 50160 RECORDING MODE
For EN 50160 type of recording the standard graphical summary will automatically be
displayed. From this representation the user can see which measured values exceed the
limit value as per EN50160 standard, or what reserves are still available. The Red section
of the stacked bar represents the quantity of the measured value under where 95 % of all
measured values lie. The Blue section represents the remaining 5 % of measured values.
Fig. 42: Graphical summary
All parameters represented in the graphical summary can be also viewed in tabular
format.
In this table limit values are shown, maximal values, and the 95 % values. The column
‘Max value’ displays the maximum and minimum deviation in percent in relation to the
nominal voltage. In the ‘95 % value‘ column the upper and lower limit indicate if 95 % of all
measurement values are between the positive and negative value.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 65 - Ref 002
Fig. 43: Analysis summary in table form
For statistical analysis of harmonics there is ‘Cumulative frequency’ representation. The
stacked bar chart principle is the same as in the ‘Graphical summary’. The user can easily
see which harmonics exceed the permissible limit value and what reserves are available.
Fig. 44: Cumulative frequency – harmonic analyzing
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 66 - Ref 002
4. DIRECT LINK - SCOPE
The Direct Link facility allows direct on-line operation, with real-time values from the
voltage and current inputs displayed on the screen. Complex calculations can be carried
out and the waveforms of selected input signals can be saved, exported to an ASCII file or
to the Clipboard for use with third party analysis tools.
To open the connection to the instrument, click on the ‘go!’ button.
Fig. 45: Direct Link oscilloscope screen
To read Energies from the instrument, click on the ‘Eng’ button. A small window showing
the current values of the energies is displayed.
Fig. 46:Energy screen
To look at Harmonics, both Voltage & Current, click on the ‘Mag’ button. The harmonic
analysis screen is displayed, with six histograms – three voltage and three current –
showing harmonics up to the 63rd.
To zoom in on any one histogram, click on that display. To return to a display of all six
histograms, click on display.
SECTION V PC SOFTWARE
Utrecht
- 67 - Ref 002
To alter the scaling of any of the graphs, click on the vertical axis:
- Near the top to increase the range.
- Near the bottom to expand the scale.
To show the harmonics in tabular form, select ‘Show Table’ from the ‘Execute’ menu.
Moving the mouse pointer along any of the graphs will activate a curser, which identifies a
single harmonic, with the tabular display scrolling in sympathy with the curser position.
To return to the main Direct Link screen, select ‘Close’ from the ‘Execute’ menu.
Fig. 47: Direct Link Harmonic Analysis Screen with tabular display
Note: If the display appears to become frozen, there is insufficient time for the display to
process all the acquired data. The ‘Request Time’ (in the ‘Execute’ menu) should
be increased. For a Baud rate of 57600, a Request Time at least 1300 ms is
recommended.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 68 - Ref 002
SECTION VI
Theory of operation
1. GENERAL
Data recording is one of the main functions of the instrument. However, while recording
data for later analysis, the Instrument can also carry out the following functions:
Statistical analysis – Statistical analysis of the measured signals.
Periodic analysis – On line recording and analysis of various measured
signals over preset periods.
Voltage anomalies - Detection and recording of voltage anomalies.
Power breaks – Detection and recording of supply interruptions.
Waveforms
Fast logging
Transients
Flickers
EN 50160
Apart from power break recording, which is always enabled, all the other functions are
independent and can be disabled or enabled by the user. The measuring principles are
the same in all-recording functions and are described in Section II-2 below. Averaging and
statistical techniques are described later in this section.
Data is stored in non-volatile memory and can be downloaded to a PC for further analysis
and printing. Downloading can be carried out either on-line while recording and / or after
recording has finished. Independent of the recording status, the Instrument can send all
samples of an input signal to a PC (for external analysis and viewing) every second.
2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The input range (from 0 to full scale) for each value is divided in 256 divisions (100 for PF
and cosϕ). Measured values are scaled accordingly. The result is a statistical table, a
Gaussian function, which can be analyzed using the PC software (see section V below).
Statistical analysis is carried out only on signals selected in the Signals submenu.
Statistical analysis cannot be applied to Harmonic measurements.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 69 - Ref 002
3. PERIODIC ANALYSIS
Periodic Analysis is carried out over a programmable integration period (IP). The user can
set this (from 1 s to 15 min). During the integration period, the instrument calculates
maximum, minimum and average values of selected quantities. At the end of the Period,
these values are stored in memory together with the Period Start date/time and
synchronization input.
Stored values differ for the various parameters:
For THD measurement Only maximum and average values.
For voltage harmonics and voltage-current angle Only maximum and minimum values.
For current harmonics Only maximum values.
All other Parameters Minimum, maximum and average
Active power is divided into two quantities: Import (positive) and Export (negative).
Reactive power and power factor are divided into four quantities: positive inductive (+i),
positive capacitive (+c), negative inductive (-i) and negative capacitive (-c). Neutral
conductor current (I0) is ignored when measuring in 3-wire connection.
For power, voltage and current measurements, values are stored for each input cycle.
Harmonics and THD values are computed on samples of each 8th input cycle.
For calculation of Average Voltage, voltages less then 2 % of full scale (0.02 x Un) are
treated as voltage interruptions and are excluded from any calculations.
The stored maximum and minimum values are based on values calculated during each
input cycle, while average values (except for voltage, power & harmonics) are calculated
at the end of each IP and are based on the number of input cycles in the period.
Average values for power, voltage and harmonic components ignore input cycles where
the voltage is lower then 0.02 x Un. Further, if a Power Break or a Power Up occurs
during an IP or the IP starts during a Power Break, the Instrument will start a new cycle
(see also Power Break recording below).
The following Figures and table offer a detailed descriptions of the values used for
recording.
The meaning of abbreviations is described below.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 70 - Ref 002
SYMBOL DEFINITIONS
General symbols
U rms voltages
I rms currents
P active power
S apparent power
Q reactive power
I0 rms neutral conductor
current
PF power factor
Cosϕ voltage - current phase angle
THD total harmonic distortion
H individual harmonics (%)
h individual harmonic (V or A)
IP integration period
Additional symbols
x phase
t total
i inductive (with P, Q or PF symbol)
c capacitive (with P, Q or PF symbol)
+ positive (with P, Q or PF symbol)
- negative (with P, Q or PF symbol)
n harmonic number (with H or h symbol)
a average (with any general symbol)
m max. or min (with any general symbol)
na not available
pn N° of input cycles in integration period (IP)
hpn N° of input cycles for harmonics in IP
(pn/8)
ppn N° of input cycles for powers
Up
n N° of input cycles for voltages
PC personal computer
cr crest factor
pb power break time inside IP
SECTION VI THEORY OF
OPERATION
Utrecht
- 71 - Ref 002
This page is left blank intentionally
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 72 - Ref 001
Fig. 48: Input Cycles used for calculation under various Power Break situations
p
ower
b
reak
IP IP IP IP
ppn
upn
hpn
ppn
upn
hpn
pn
ppn
upn
hpn
pn pn pn
p1 p2
PBPB
upn=hpn=ppn=p1+p2
input
p
ower
b
reak
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 73 - Ref 001
This page is left blank intentionally
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 74 - Ref 001
When measuring Power and Power Factor, values can be calculated for each individual
cycle or averaged over a period (the ‘Power sub IP’) that can be set to any value between
1 and 20 cycles (a 400 ms window at 50 Hz).
If the Instrument is recording a power, it automatically calculates and records the energy
of the selected power in an IP.
Values used for the calculation of maximum and minimum Powers and Power
Factors are the average values calculated on power sub IP values (see Fig. 35
below).
Recording of voltage or current THD is automatically enabled if one or more individual
voltage or current harmonics are selected.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 75 - Ref 001
20 ms @ 50Hz
P
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
P
5
P
6
P
7
P
8
P
9
P
10
P
11
P
12
P
13
P
14
P
15
P
16
P= P
min 5
P= P
min a
P
avg
P
avg
P= P
max 6
P= P
max b
P
P
t
t
t
P =(P +P +P +P +P )/ 5
a 12345
P =(P +P +P +P +P )/ 5
b678910
P =(P +P +P +P +P )/ 5
c 1112131415
Sub IP=1
Sub IP=5
Fig. 49: Examples of calculation of Maximum & Minimum values for various ‘Power sub
IP’ periods
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 76 - Ref 001
Minimum & Maximum PER PHASE Values
LOAD TYPE
VALUE CONSUMNIG GENERATING Note
inductive capacitive inductive capacitive [formula]
m Px+ Px 0 [3]
m Px- 0 Px [3]
m Qxi+ Qx 0 0 0 [7]
m Qxc+ 0 0 0 Qx [7]
m Qxi- 0 0 Qx 0 [7]
m Qxc- 0 Qx 0 0 [7]
m PFxi+ PFx 1 na na [8]
m PFxc+ na na 1 PFx [8]
m PFxi- na na PFx 1 [8]
m PFxc- 1 PFx na na [8]
m Ux U
x [1]
m Ix I
x [2]
m Uxthd Uxthd [10] -max only
m Ixthd Ixthd [11] -max only
m cosϕx cosϕx [9]
m UxHn U
xHn [12]
m IxHn I
xHn [13] -max only
Available Maximum & Minimum per phase Values for each Input Cycle
Note: Uxthd, Ixthd, cos
ϕ
x, UxHn, IxHn are calculated every 8th input cycle
Minimum & Maximum TOTAL (3ϕ) Values
LOAD TYPE
VALUE CONSUMNIG GENERATING Note
inductive capacitive inductive capacitive [formula]
m Pt+ Pt 0 [14]
m Pt- 0 Pt [14]
m St+ St 0 [16]
m St- 0 St [16]
m Qti+ Qt 0 0 0 [15]
m Qtc+ 0 0 0 Qt [15]
m Qti- 0 0 Qt 0 [15]
m Qtc- 0 Qt 0 0 [15]
m PFti+ PFt 1 na na [17]
m PFtc+ na na 1 PFt [17]
m PFti- na na PFt 1 [17]
m PFtc- 1 PFt na na [17]
m I0 I
0
m Freq Freq
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 77 - Ref 001
Available Maximum & Minimum 3ϕValues for each Input Cycle
Note: Pt, St and Qt are average values in power sub integration period that is from 1
to 20 input cycles. PFt is also a result of those values
90 o
0 o
180
o
270o
LOAD TYPE
Positive inductive
(User = inductive load)
LOAD TYPE
Positive capacitive
(User = capacitive generator)
LOAD TYPE
Negative inductive
(User = inductive generator)
LOAD TYPE
Negative capacitive
(User = capacitive load)
m P+ = Px
m P- = 0
m Qi+ = Qx
m Qi- = 0
m Qc+ = 0
m Qc- = 0
m Pfi+ = Pfx
m Pfi- = na
m Pfc+ = na
m Pfc- = 1
m P+ = 0
m P- = Px
m Qi+ = 0
m Qi- = 0
m Qc+ = Qx
m Qc- = 0
m Pfi+ = na
m Pfi- = 1
m Pfc+ = Pfx
m Pfc- = na
m P+ = 0
m P- = Px
m Qi+ = 0
m Qi- = Qx
m Qc+ = 0
m Qc- = 0
m Pfi+ = na
m Pfi- = Pfx
m Pfc+ = 1
m Pfc- = na
m P+ = Px
m P- = 0
m Qi+ = 0
m Qi- = 0
m Qc+ = 0
m Qc- = Qx
m Pfi+ = 1
m Pfi- = na
m Pfc+ = na
m Pfc- = Pfx
Fig. 50: Import/Export and Inductive/Capacitive Phase/Polarity Diagram
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 78 - Ref 001
Per Phase Values (averaged at the end of an IP)
Watts
()
aP
P
pn
x
xj
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
(
)
aP
P
pn
x
xj
j
n
=
=
1
VAr
()
aQ
Q
pn
xi
xi j
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
(
)
aQ
Q
pn
xc
xc j
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
VAr
()
aQ
Q
pn
xi
xi j
j
n
=
=
1
(
)
aQ
Q
pn
xc
xc j
j
n
=
=
1
PF
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
xi
xi
x
x
+
+
++
=
+
22
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
xc
xc
x
x
+
+
++
=
+
22
PF
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
xi
xi
x
x
−−
=
+
22
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
xc
xc
x
x
−−
=
+
22
Volts &
Amps
()
aU
U
upn
x
xj
j
n
==
1
()
aI
I
pn
x
xj
j
n
==
1
Harmonics aU thd HU
HU
x
yx
x
=∗
1
100 ;
()
HU
Uh
hpn
yx
nj
jz
z
n
=
== 2
2
63
1
; HU
Uh
hpn
x
x
z
n
1
1
1
==
a
I
thd na
x
= ana
x
cos
ϕ
=
aU
H
na
x
n= aI
H
na
x
n
=
Note: If power breaks occur, periods ‘pn’ (for power calculations) and ‘upn’ (for
voltage calculations) are modified to:
pn
I
P
ic
p
b
ic
=− upn
I
P
ic
p
b
ic icl
=−−
Where are:
ic input cycle time
pb power break time inside the IP
icl number of cycles with Ux < 0.02 Urange
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 79 - Ref 001
Total 3ϕ Values (averaged at the end of an IP)
Watts
()
aP
P
pn
t
tj
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
()
aP
P
pn
t
tj
j
n
=
=
1
VAr
()
aQ
Q
pn
ti
ti j
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
(
)
aQ
Q
pn
tc
tc j
j
n
+
+
=
=
1
VAr
()
aQ
Q
pn
ti
ti j
j
n
=
=
1
(
)
aQ
Q
pn
tc
tc j
j
n
=
=
1
VA
()
()
aS aP aQ aQ
ttitc
t
++ ++
=++
22
()
(
)
aS aP aQ aQ
ttitc
t
−−
=++
22
PF
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
ti t
ti t
++
++
=
+
22
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
tc
tc
t
t
+
+
++
=
+
22
PF
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
ti t
ti t
−−
=
+
22
()
()
aPf aP
aQ aP
tc
tc
t
t
−−
=
+
22
Current
&Frequency aI
I
pn
j
j
n
0
0
1
==
aFreq
F
req
p
n
j
j
n
=
=
1
Note: If power breaks occur, period ‘pn’ (for power calculations) is modified to:
pn
IP
ic
p
b
ic
=−
Where: ic input cycle time
pb power break time inside the IP
Voltage unbalance calculation according to IEC 61000-4-30, paragraph 5.7.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 80 - Ref 001
4. VOLTAGE ANOMALY RECORDING
Voltage anomalies occur when a voltage exceeds preset boundaries. The rms voltages of
each half input cycle are used for comparison. For every Voltage Anomaly detected, the
Instrument stores:
Date & time when the anomaly started.
The nominal voltage.
Minimum or maximum voltage during the anomaly.
The previous 64 rms values, calculated on half input cycles (half periods), before
the anomaly occurred.
Voltage Anomaly recording is enabled on selected voltage inputs and can be calculated
based either on a fixed tolerance window or on a variable tolerance window.
Fixed Tolerance
Mode
The nominal voltage is set by the user, and the high and low
limits are set as a percentage of the nominal voltage.
Variable
Tolerance Mode
The nominal voltage is calculated and is the average
voltage during the previous anomaly integration period
(settable between 1 and 900 s). The new nominal reference
voltage can be up to ± 30 % of the programmed nominal
voltage. High and low limits are set as a percentage of the
nominal voltage and can be between ± 1 % and ± 30 % of the
nominal voltage.
Fig. 51
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 81 - Ref 001
Fig. 52
5. POWER BREAKS RECORDING
If data logging is in progress, the start of every OFF state of the instrument is treated as a
Power Break. This OFF state occurs either if the instrument is switched OFF (using the
rotary switch) or if it lose its power supply, either battery or mains.
For each Power Break, the instrument logs the date & time of both the beginning and end
of the power break, and the cause of the power break (manual or loss of supply).
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 82 - Ref 001
6. WAVEFORMS
t
TRI G G ERS
LEVEL
SLO PE: RISE
t
LEVEL
SLO PE: FALL
t
TIMER
t
MANUAL
4
2
1b1a
3
5
6
LEVEL a n d TIM ER
LEVEL o r M ANUAL
TIMER or MANUAL
(LEVEL and TIMER) or MANUAL
Defines starting conditions
(different combinations are possible):
LEVEL - predefined signal 10ms TRMS value
SLOPE - predefined slope of 10ms TRMS values
TIMER - start on elapsed time
MANUAL - manual start
INPUT - trigger channel
7
Fig. 53: Triggers in Waveforms recording
Waveform measurement is a
powerful tool for troubleshooting
and capturing current and voltage
response in a switching situation.
Waveform method saves
waveforms of selected inputs on a
trigger occurrence. The trigger can
be set manually, by timer or when
half-period RMS value of selected
trigger input rises/falls above/below
a trigger level. Selected pre- and
post- trigger periods expressed in
periods of power frequency or in
seconds are stored in the
instrument’s memory. Each saved
period in a waveform record
consists of 128 sampled values.
7. FAST LOGGING
t
TRI G G ERS
LEVEL
SLOPE: RISE
t
LEVEL
SLOPE: FALL
t
TIMER
t
MANUAL
4
21b
1a
3
5
6
7
LEVEL a nd TIMER
LEVEL o r M ANUAL
TIMER o r MANUAL
(LEVEL and TIMER) or MANUAL
INPUT: U , U , U , U , I , I , I , I - trigger c hannel
1 2 3 X123X
Defines starting conditions
(different combinations are possible):
LEVEL - predefined signal 10ms TRM S v a l u e
SLOPE - predefined slope of 10ms TRM S v a l u e s
TIMER - start on elapsed time
MANUAL - manual start
Fig. 54 Triggers for fast logging recording
Fast logging is a measurement
similar to a waveform recording but
instead of storing 64 points in a
wave half-period only the RMS
value of the particular half-period is
saved. In this case only 1/64 of the
memory is spent on record data.
Triggering and signal selection are
the same as for waveform
recording.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 83 - Ref 001
8. TRANSIENTS
Transient is a term for short, highly damped momentary voltage or current disturbance.
There are two types of transient overvoltages:
impulsive overvoltages
oscillatory overvoltages
t
TRIGGERS
LEVEL
4
2
1a
3
5
LEVEL a n d DL/ sc a n
LEVEL o r MANUAL
(LEVEL and ) or MANUALDL/ sc a n
De fin e s st a rtin g c o n d it io n s
(different combinations are possible):
LEVEL - predefined signals momentary level
dL/scan -signals slope
MANUAL - manual start
INPUT - trig g e r c ha nne l (U , I )
XX
1sc an (50ms)
dL/scan
Fig. 55: Transients
Transient recording is the
measurement method with the
fastest sampling rate that the
instrument can provide. Up to 25
kHz signals can be captured in this
mode of operation.
The Principle of measurement is
similar to waveform recording, but
with a higher sampling rate. With
single signal enabled for capturing,
there are 1000 samples in a 50 Hz
signal period. When all six signals
are enabled, 400 samples per
period per signal are stored in the
instrument memory.
Relation between selected signals and sampling time is given in table below.
Table: sampling times
Selected signals No. of inputs Sampling time
single voltage input 1 20 μs
single current input 1 20 μs
all voltage inputs (U1, U2, U3 ) 3 30 μs
all current inputs (I1, I2, I3 ) 3 30 μs
one voltage and one current input 2 40 μs
U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3 6
50 μs
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 84 - Ref 001
9. FLICKERS
Flicker is a visual sensation caused by unsteadiness of a light. The level of the sensation
depends on the frequency and magnitude of the lighting change and on the observer.
Change of a lighting flux can be correlated to a voltage envelope on Figure 56.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
time (s)
voltage(V)
Fig. 56: Voltage fluctuation
Flickers are measured in accordance with standard IEC 61000-4-15 “Flicker meter-
functional and design specifications”. It defines the transform function based on a
230V/60W lamp-eye-brain chain response. That function is a base for flicker meter
implementation and is presented on Figure 57.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 85 - Ref 001
Fig. 57: Curve of equal severity (Pst=1) for rectangular voltage changes on LV power
supply systems
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 86 - Ref 001
10. EN50160
Standard EN50160 “Voltage characteristic of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems” is a standard that defines the voltage characteristics of a Low voltage (LV) and
Medium voltage (MV) distribution system. It is used as a base for utility-client contracts in
the European Union and for small power generation contracts.
The following table presents the limits defined in EN50160. If no voltage level is explicitly
stated, then the same limit is valid both for both LV and MV.
The measurement procedure is very simple: one must connect the voltage of all 3 phases
to an instrument, choose “EN50160” measurement and measurement can start. All
parameters except time of the beginning and end of recording are automatically set. Start
and stop time can be set or manual start-stop sequence must be performed over a one
week period.
Table 1: EN50160** limits for characteristics of supply voltage
Characteristi
c Nomina
l value ip Variation min/max Meas.
period Note
Power
frequency
50 Hz 10 s - 1 % / + 1 % @ 99.5 % of
a year
- 6 % / + 4 % @ 100 % of
a year
1 week
50 Hz 10 s - 2 % / + 2 % @ 95 % of a
week
- 15 % / + 15 % @ 100 %
of a time
1 week for isolated systems
Magnitude of
supply voltage
LV:
230 V
MV:
Uc
until 2003: LV Un
may be according
national HD 472 S1
Supply
voltage
variation
LV:
Un
MV:
Uc
10 min
10 min
- 10 % / + 10 % @ 95 %
of a week
- 15 % / + 10 % @ 100 %
of a week
- 10 % / + 10 % @ 95 %
of a week
1 week
1 week
Rapid voltage
changes
LV:
Un
MV:
Uc
generally ± 5 %
max. ± 10 % several time
a day
generally ± 4 %
max. ± 6 % several time a
day
1 day indicative
Flicker severity Plt < 1 @ 95 % of a week 1 week Pst is not used
Supply
voltage dips
LV
MV
10 - 1000 / year, < 1 s,
depth < 60 %
caused by large loads
10 - 1000 / year, < 1 s,
depth < 60 %
caused by large loads and
faults
1 year indicative
depth: % of Un (Uc)
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 87 - Ref 001
Table 2: Continued
Characteristic Nominal
value ip Variation min./max. Meas.
period Note
Short
interruptions
10 to several hundreds,
70 % < 1 s
1 year indicative;
duration < 3 min
Long
interruptions
10 - 50 1 year indicative; prearranged
are not counted in
Temporary
overvoltages
LV
MV
< 1.5 kV rms up to 5 s
< 2.0 Uc; failures
< 3 Uc; ferro resonance
indicative
Transient
overvoltages
LV
MV
< 6 kV
indicative
Supply voltage
unbalance
10 min
< 2 % @ 95 % of the
week, occasionally up to
3 %
1 week
Harmonics 10 min table 4 @ 95 % of the
week
1 week
Inter-harmonics 10 min limits under
consideration
1 week NOT INCLUDED in
report
Mains
signalling
3 s less then EN50160
curve on Figure 16 @ 99
% of a day
1 day NOT INCLUDED
In report
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 88 - Ref 001
11. MEMORY USAGE
The instrument contains non-volatile memory for storing of recorded data. Storing records
slightly differs between Periodics and EN 50160 and/or Waveforms, Fast logging and
Transients recording modes.
11.1. Memory for Waveforms, Fast logging and Transients
Figure 57 describes the storing modes and buffer organization of one measurement
record relative to trigger event. While the instrument waits for the trigger it takes
measurements. When the trigger occurs it still continues to measure and prepares the
data for storing according to the selected pre-trigger and total buffer length.
PRE a n d PO ST BUFFER STORE MODE
t
SIN G L E START
STOP
REC O RD I NG
TRI G G ER PO IN T
PO ST
PRE
TOTAL BUFFER
START
REC O RD IN G
t
REPEAT
SINGLE MODE: rec ording is stopped after buffer is full
REPEAT MODE: re c o rd ing is p e rfo rm e d n-tim e s
a new start is allowed after previous record is finished.
Pretrigger buffer is used to observe waveforms
b e fo re trig g e r c o nd itio n ha s oc c ure d
START START START START START
Fig. 57: Explanation of storing philosophy for Waveforms, Fast logging and Transients recordings
11.2. Memory for EN 50160 and Periodics
EN 50160 and Periodics mode have linear and circular storing possibilities, i.e. in linear
mode the instrument continues logging until the memory is full while for circular mode it
has continuous recording with overwriting of the oldest records. It is good praxis to predict
logging period.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 89 - Ref 001
11.3. Record length
Following table contains of the summary of record length for each recording option.
Recording function Record length in bytes
Periodics
Record unit: main IP Number of non-power signals * 6 + number of power signals * 12 +
Number of harmonic signals * 6 (for selected phases) + 12
(header).
Periodics 780
Statistics Number of signals * 1024
A
nomalies and
power breaks
164 (each anomaly)
Waveforms
Record unit: 1s
and/or 1 period
Record length per period: number of selected signals * 256
Number of records per second: value of system frequency (45 to
66)
Fast logging
Record unit: 1s
For 50Hz: number of selected signals * 200
For 60Hz: number of selected signals * 240
Transients
Record unit: 1
period
Sampling in transients measurement:
Selected signals
Scan Rate [Hz]
Transient detect ability [s]
1
50000
20
2
33333
30
3
25000
40
6
20000
50
Record length: Scan Rate * selected signals * 2 / System frequency
EN50160
Record unit: main IP Number of non-power signals * 6 + number of power signals * 12 +
Number of harmonic signals * 6 (for selected phases) + 12 (header)
Flickers 780
Periodics 780
A
nomalies and
power breaks
164 (Each anomaly)
Power signals: Active power (P), reactive power (Q) and apparent power (S).
Options in Periodics and EN50160 increase record length if enabled.
Notes:
2Mbyte of memory is available for storing results.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 90 - Ref 001
Example for EN 50160 recording mode
Example for evaluation of record lengths and maximum recording times for EN50160
recording function
Common data:
- recording in three phase system with following selection: all phase voltages and
currents, system frequency, three power signals and 18 harmonics per phase (54
signals)
- disabled flickers, periodics and anomalies.
Record length calculation:
Item Item quantity Bytes/item Bytes in record
non-power signals 7 6 42
power signals 3 12 36
harmonic signals 54 6 324
header - 12 12
Record length 414 Bytes
One main integration period (IP) record contains in this example 414 bytes. It is maximum
4830 stored records or for approximately 33.5 days at main IP of 10min.
Continuing this example but with enabled flickers, periodics and anomalies. Enabled
periodics adds to each record 780 bytes and increase record length to 1194 bytes, while
anomaly and flicker increase length of the record only when they occur.
Record length with flicker: 1194 + 780 = 1974 [bytes],
Record length with anomaly and flicker: 1194 + 780 + 164= 2138 [bytes],
Let us assume 15% flicker (only) probability and 5% probability of anomaly and flicker.
Following is comparison of these data and also for main IP = 10 min.
Item Rec. length
[bytes] Max.
No. records
M
ax. recording time
[days] Note
All disabled 414 4830 33.5
Periodics 1194 1675 11.6
Periodics + Flicker 1974 1013 7 100% flicker
Periodics + Flicker
+ voltage anomaly
2138 935 6.4 100% flicker, voltage
anomaly
Periodics + Flicker
+ voltage anomaly
1194 to
2138
1471 10.2 15% flicker,
5% voltage anomaly
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 91 - Ref 001
12 MODEM DATA TRANSFER
1. INTRODUCTION
Modem data transfer enables remote handling of the instrument and its data. When the
instrument has to be located on distant or hardly accessible place, the modem is the only
practical solution for fast access to the instrument. It is only necessary to connect modem
to the instrument at the location where measurements are performed and activate modem
control. The instrument and modem are connected via RS232 interface.
Minimum requirements for the instrument and modem interface:
Equipment PC Software ver. Firmware ver.
Power Harmonics Analyzer PHA 3300 Power Link 4.0 Ver 5.00 + modem option
Power Quality Analyzer Plus PQA 6600 Power Link 4.0 Ver 5.00
Minimum requirements for PC:
- PC Pentium, Windows 98 or higher
2. MODEMS
It is possible to use a range of standard (analog) and GSM modems with a PC and the
instrument.The following table shows possible combinations for remote measuring
system:
On PC side On measuring place
Standard (analog) internal modem
Standard (analog) external modem
GSM terminal modem
GSM terminal modem or
Standard (analog) external modem
All PC external modems and modems for the instrument must have RS232 interface.
GSM modem connected to the instrument needs a PIN card with included DATA number
(VOICE number is included by default but it is not needed). Please contact your GSM
provider for the DATA number.
Application described in this manual is based on ‘Siemens TC35 GSM terminal’ modem
and ‘US Robotics – Faxmodem’ standard (analog) modem. For a third party modem
device, apply appropriate settings as required by modem vendor.
We recommend preparing a test system for verification and training before performing
actual measurements at the remote place.
Required accessories
Standard (analog) modem (external):
- Modem
- RS232 interface cable
- Modem power supply
- Active standard phone line
GSM modem:
- Modem
- RS232 interface cable
- Modem power supply
- Antenna
- PIN card with active data (mandatory)
and voice (optional) phone numbers
Notes:
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 92 - Ref 001
- For GSM system, pay attention to install its antenna at the appropriate place with good
signal condition.
- If modem communication is enabled, it is not possible to transfer data from the
instrument to the PC using RS232 connection. To enable direct RS 232
connection between the instrument and PC, you should disable modem
communication in Power Link and on the instrument.
3. MODEM, INSTRUMENT AND POWER LINK
CONFIGURATION
3.1. Power Link configuration
Power Link software should be configured before establishing modem communication.
The following procedure is required:
- Run Power Link application.
- Select Communication Settings menu and enable modem communication (see the
following figure).
- Select GSM or Standard modem for local and standard modem.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 93 - Ref 001
- Enter PIN codes for local modem (connected to PC) and target modem (connected to
the instrument) if required.
- Enter the phone number of the target modem (connected to the instrument) the
program will communicate with.
- Set suitable baud rate.
- Save the settings.
Note:
- Serial port baud rate is automatically set to 9600 Bauds (for GSM modem) and cannot
be set to any other rate.
- Take care that all devices (PC, both modems and instrument) are set to the same
baud rate.
3.2. Modem configuration at the PC side
The modem connected to the PC should be configured before use. The PC with internal
modem does not need any external extension. For external modem do the following:
- Connect the modem to the unused COM port of the PC using RS232 interface cable.
The modem and PC should be switched off when connecting them together.
- Switch them on and wait until the PC finishes its initialization sequence.
- Insert PIN card in the case of using GSM modem.
- Connect telephone line to the modem in the case of using standard modem.
3.3. Modem configuration at the instrument side
The modem connected to the instrument should be configured before use. Use the Power
Link and do the following configuration procedure:
- Insert PIN card into modem (for GSM modem).
- Connect modem to the PC, run Power Link and click ’’Modem / Configure target
modem’’ (see the following figure).
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 94 - Ref 001
- Disconnect the modem from the PC and connect it to the instrument with special
RS232 cable (see chapter 4 for connection diagram) , both must be in the power off
state (switched off).
When the modem is being configured with Power Link the following settings are executed:
- disable PIN for GSM modem (AT+CPIN=XXXX and AT+CLCK=”SC”,1,XXXX,
- enable automatic answering (AT&D0),
- set automatic answering after 2 RINGS (ATS0=2),
- set ECHO answering to OFF (ATE0),
- disable “Wait for dial tone” option (ATX0),
- set PORT baud rate for standard (analog) modem,
- save parameters (AT&W),
- activate saved parameters (ATZ).
When the third party modem requires different settings we recommend using the Hyper
Terminal program for modem configuration. It is part of standard Windows setup. You can
find it on your PC: Programs / Accessories / Communications / Hyper Terminal.
3.4. Instrument configuration for modem communication
Instrument should be configured before communicating with the PC via modem
communication. The following procedure is required:
- Modem should be connected to the instrument.
- Switch the instrument on.
- Switch the modem on.
- In SYSTEM menu select SER.PORT RATE / GSM/SMS PARAM. / DISABLED for
Standard (analog) modem.
- In SYSTEM menu select SER.PORT RATE / GSM/SMS PARAM. / ENABLED for
GSM modem (it enables sending of SMS messages).
ENABLE PASSW.
GSM/SMS PARAM. => ENABLED >> DISABLE
DATE/TIME CPIN : XXXX
LANGUAGE DEST:
SYSTEM REINIT. USERID:
CLR.REC.MEM. SEND TEST MESSAGE
- Enter PIN code using cursor keys: UP/DOWN to increment/decrement selected
number and LEFT/RIGHT to select previous or next number (for GSM modem).
- Press ENTER to confirm entry or ESC to discard it.
I you want to disable sending of SMS messages (when using GSM modem) you should
set GSM/SMS PARAM. to DISABLED and set SERIAL PORT RATE to 9600.
If a GSM modem is used on the PC side and Standard modem is used on the instrument
side, baud rate of 9600 bps must be used for the standard modem.
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 95 - Ref 001
4. MODEM CONNECT. WITH PC AND INSTRUMENT
RS 232 communication cables
MODEM to INSTRUMENT
Communication cable
StandardphonetoGSMline
GSMlinetoStandardphone
PC to MODEM
Communication cable
GSM line
Standard phone line
MODEM, INSTRUMENT and PC connection
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 96 - Ref 001
5. CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING MODEMS
When the modems are connected and suitably set at the instrument and the PC, just click
the “Make modem connection” button in Power Link toolbar or select “Make modem
connection” in Modem menu. It takes a few seconds (up to 30 s) to establish
communication link. The instrument operates as it is connected directly to the PC via
RS232 interface. It means that all interface functions are active, e.g.: receive / transmit
instrument settings, data download, manipulating of the recording function, clear memory.
To disconnect just click on “Hang-up modem connection“ button on Power Link toolbar
or select “Hang-up modem connection” in Modem menu.
6. SMS MESSAGES
The instrument has possibility to send an SMS message to the mobile phone when GSM
modem communication is enabled. Messages are intended to inform the operator about
some events regarding the instrument.
The following events can be sent as SMS messages:
- Less than 50% of recording memory is free.
- Less than 20% of recording memory is free.
- Recording memory is full.
- WAVEFORM, FAST LOGGING, TRANSIENT, EN50160 or PERIODICS recording is
finished.
For SMS messaging prepare the following configuration:
ENABLE PASSW.
GSM/SMS PARAM. => ENABLED >> DISABLE
DATE/TIME CPIN :
LANGUAGE DEST: XXXXXXXXXXXX
SYSTEM REINIT. USERID: XXXXXXXXXX
CLR.REC.MEM. SEND TEST MESSAGE
- Enter Destination phone number “DEST:” (phone number of the mobile phone that will
receive SMS messages from the instrument) using cursor keys.
- Enter user ID “USER ID”: (optional instrument identification string) using cursor keys
as described in chapter 3.4.
- Provide PIN card of modem terminal with the number of your local.
- It can be done with “SEND TEST MESSAGE” command in GSM/SMS PARAMETERS
menu of the instrument.
Press Enter to confirm settings or ESC to discard them.
Note:
- SMS message cannot be sent if modem communication is established.
If you do not want the instrument to send SMS, disable GSM/SMS PARAM. and set baud
rate to 9600
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 97 - Ref 001
kdfddef
This page is left blank intentionally
SECTION VI THEORY OF OPERATION
Utrecht
- 98 - Ref 001
4

Brauchen Sie Hilfe? Stellen Sie Ihre Frage.

Forenregeln

Missbrauch melden von Frage und/oder Antwort

Libble nimmt den Missbrauch seiner Dienste sehr ernst. Wir setzen uns dafür ein, derartige Missbrauchsfälle gemäß den Gesetzen Ihres Heimatlandes zu behandeln. Wenn Sie eine Meldung übermitteln, überprüfen wir Ihre Informationen und ergreifen entsprechende Maßnahmen. Wir melden uns nur dann wieder bei Ihnen, wenn wir weitere Einzelheiten wissen müssen oder weitere Informationen für Sie haben.

Art des Missbrauchs:

Zum Beispiel antisemitische Inhalte, rassistische Inhalte oder Material, das zu einer Gewalttat führen könnte.

Beispielsweise eine Kreditkartennummer, persönliche Identifikationsnummer oder unveröffentlichte Privatadresse. Beachten Sie, dass E-Mail-Adressen und der vollständige Name nicht als private Informationen angesehen werden.

Forenregeln

Um zu sinnvolle Fragen zu kommen halten Sie sich bitte an folgende Spielregeln:

Neu registrieren

Registrieren auf E - Mails für Nieaf-Smitt PQA 6600 wenn:


Sie erhalten eine E-Mail, um sich für eine oder beide Optionen anzumelden.


Das Handbuch wird per E-Mail gesendet. Überprüfen Sie ihre E-Mail.

Wenn Sie innerhalb von 15 Minuten keine E-Mail mit dem Handbuch erhalten haben, kann es sein, dass Sie eine falsche E-Mail-Adresse eingegeben haben oder dass Ihr ISP eine maximale Größe eingestellt hat, um E-Mails zu erhalten, die kleiner als die Größe des Handbuchs sind.

Ihre Frage wurde zu diesem Forum hinzugefügt

Möchten Sie eine E-Mail erhalten, wenn neue Antworten und Fragen veröffentlicht werden? Geben Sie bitte Ihre Email-Adresse ein.



Info