'H]H KXLVKRXGQDDLPDFKLQH YROGRHW DDQ GH HLVHQ YDQ ,(&(1 HQ 8/
%(/$1*5,-.( 9(,/,*+(,'6,16758&7,(6
:DQQHHU X HHQ HOHNWULVFK DSSDUDDW JHEUXLNW PRHW X DOWLMG GH HOHPHQWDLUH YHLOLJKHLGVYRRUVFKULIWHQ
LQ DFKW QHPHQ LQFOXVLHI KHW YROJHQGH
/HHV DOOH LQVWUXFWLHV GRRU YRRUGDW X GH]H KXLVKRXGQDDLPDFKLQH LQ JHEUXLN QHHPW %HZDDU GH
LQVWUXFWLHV RS HHQ JHVFKLNWH SODDWV GLFKW ELM GH QDDLPDFKLQH /HYHU GH LQVWUXFWLHV ELM GH QDDLPDFKLQH
DOV GH]H YDQ HLJHQDDU YHUZLVVHOW
*(9$$5 8 %(3(5.7 $/6 92/*7 +(7 5,6,&2 9$1 ((1
(/(.75,6&+( 6&+2.
1DDLPDFKLQHV PRJHQ QRRLW RQEHZDDNW EOLMYHQ ZDQQHHU GH VWHNNHU LQ KHW VWRSFRQWDFW ]LW +DDO GH
VWHNNHU YDQ GH]H QDDLPDFKLQH DOWLMG PHWHHQ XLW KHW VWRSFRQWDFW QD KHW JHEUXLN HQ YRRUGDW X GH
PDFKLQH JDDW UHLQLJHQ DIGHNSDQHOHQ HUYDQ YHUZLMGHUW YRRUGDW X GH PDFKLQH VPHHUW RI ZDQQHHU
X DQGHUH RQGHUKRXGVZHUN]DDPKHGHQ XLWYRHUW GLH LQ GH JHEUXLNVDDQZLM]LQJ VWDDQ
:$$56&+8:,1* 8 %(3(5.7 $/6 92/*7 +(7 5,6,&2 9$1
%5$1':21'(1 %5$1' ((1 (/(.75,6&+( 6&+2. 2)
/,&+$0(/,-. /(76(/
/DDW NLQGHUHQ QLHW VSHOHQ PHW GH QDDLPDFKLQH /HW JRHG RS ZDQQHHU GH]H QDDLPDFKLQH ZRUGW
JHEUXLNW GRRU RI LQ GH EXXUW YDQ NLQGHUHQ
*HEUXLN GH QDDLPDFKLQH DOOHHQ YRRU GH ZHUN]DDPKHGHQ ZDDUYRRU GH]H EHGRHOG LV ]RDOV
EHVFKUHYHQ LQ GH]H KDQGOHLGLQJ *HEUXLN DOOHHQ KXOSVWXNNHQ GLH GRRU GH SURGXFHQW ]LMQ
DDQEHYROHQ ]RDOV LQ GH]H KDQGOHLGLQJ ZRUGW EHVFKUHYHQ
*HEUXLN GH]H QDDLPDFKLQH QRRLW ZDQQHHU KHW QHWVQRHU RI GH VWHNNHU EHVFKDGLJG LV DOV GH
QDDLPDFKLQH QLHW JRHG ZHUNW DOV GH QDDLPDFKLQH JHYDOOHQ RI EHVFKDGLJG LV RI LQ KHW ZDWHU KHHIW
JHOHJHQ %UHQJ GH QDDLPDFKLQH LQ GDW JHYDO QDDU GH GLFKWVWELM]LMQGH EHYRHJGH GHDOHU RI HHQ
RQGHUKRXGVFHQWUXP YRRU RQGHU]RHN UHSDUDWLH HQ HOHNWULVFKH RI PHFKDQLVFKH ELMVWHOOLQJ
*HEUXLN GH QDDLPDFKLQH QRRLW ZDQQHHU GH YHQWLODWLHRSHQLQJHQ JHEORNNHHUG ]LMQ +RXG GH
YHQWLODWLHRSHQLQJHQ YDQ GH QDDLPDFKLQH HQ KHW YRHWSHGDDO YULM YDQ RSJHKRRSW VWRI SOXLVMHV HQ
ORVKDQJHQGH ODSSHQ VWRI
+RXG XZ YLQJHUV XLW GH EXXUW YDQ DOOH EHZHJHQGH GHOHQ :HHV YRRUDO YRRU]LFKWLJ LQ GH EXXUW
YDQ GH QDDLPDFKLQHQDDOG
*HEUXLN DOWLMG GH MXLVWH VWHHNSODDW :DQQHHU X GH YHUNHHUGH VWHHNSODDW JHEUXLNW NDQ GH QDDOG
EUHNHQ
*HEUXLN JHHQ JHERJHQ QDDOGHQ
7UHN RI GXZ WLMGHQV KHW QDDLHQ QLHW DDQ GH VWRI +LHUGRRU NXQW X QDPHOLMN GH QDDOG EXLJHQ
ZDDUGRRU GH]H NDQ EUHNHQ
'UDDJ HHQ YHLOLJKHLGVEULO
6FKDNHO GH QDDLPDFKLQH XLW ´µ ZDQQHHU X LHWV ZLOW YHUDQGHUHQ LQ GH RPJHYLQJ YDQ GH QDDOG
]RDOV HHQ GUDDG GRRU GH QDDOG KDOHQ HHQ DQGHUH QDDOG SODDWVHQ GH VSRHO SODDWVHQ HHQ DQGHUH
QDDLYRHW SODDWVHQ HQ GHUJHOLMNH
/DDW JHHQ YRRUZHUSHQ LQ HHQ RSHQLQJ YDOOHQ HQ VWHHN JHHQ YRRUZHUSHQ LQ RSHQLQJHQ YDQ GH
QDDLPDFKLQH
*HEUXLN GH QDDLPDFKLQH QLHW EXLWHQ
*HEUXLN GH QDDLPDFKLQH QLHW LQ HHQ RPJHYLQJ ZDDU VSXLWEXVVHQ ZRUGHQ JHEUXLNW RI ZDDU
]XXUVWRI ZRUGW WRHJHGLHQG