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the public, the best way to achieve this is to
make it free software which everyone can
redistribute and change under these terms.
T o do so, attach the follow ing notices to the
program. It is safest to attach them to the
start of each source le to most eectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each
le should have at least the "copyright" line
and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
<one line to give the program 's name
and an idea of what it does.>
Copyright © <year> <name of aut hor>
This program is free software; you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Fr ee
Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
This program i s distributed in the hope
that it wil l be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
W ARRANT Y; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANT ABILIT Y or
FITNESS FOR A P ARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
Y ou should have received a copy of
the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the
Free Software F oundation, Inc., 51
Franklin Street, F ifth Floor, Boston, M A
02110-1301, USA.
Also add information on how to contact
you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output
a short notice like this when it star ts in an
interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright ©
year name of author
Gnomovision comes w ith ABSOLUTEL Y
NO W ARRANT Y; for details type `show
w' . This is fr ee soft ware, and you ar e
welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions; type `show c' for
details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and
`show c' should show the appropriate parts
of the General Public License. Of course,
the commands you use may be called
something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse- clicks or
menu items--whatever suits your prog ram.
Y ou should also get your employer (if you
work as a programmer) or your school, if
any , to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the
program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
alter the names:
Y oyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all
copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at
compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, P resident of V ice
This General Public License does not
permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is
a subroutine library, you may consider it
more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what
you want to do, use t he GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.
GNU LESSER
GENERAL PUBLIC
LICENSE
Version 2.1, F ebruary 1999
Copyright © 1991, 1999 Fr ee Soft ware
Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, F ifth Floor, Boston, M A
02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and
distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.
[ This is the rst released version of the
Lesser GPL. It also counts as the successor
of the GNU Library Public License, version
2, hence the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses f or most software are designed
to take away your freedom to shar e and
change it. By contrast, the GNU General
Public Licenses are intended to guarant ee
your freedom to share and change fr ee
software--to make sure the soft ware is free
for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General P ublic
License, applies to some specially
designated software packages--typically
libraries--of the Free Software Foundation
and other authors who decide to use it.
Y ou can use it too, but we suggest you rst
think carefully a bout whether this license or
the ordinary General Public License is the
better strategy to use in any particular case,
based on the explanations below.
When we speak of free software, we are
referring to freedom of use, not price . Our
General Public Licenses are designed to
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distribute copies of free software (and
charge for this service if you wish); that
you receive source code or can get it if y ou
want it; that you can change the software
and use pieces of it in new free programs;
and that you are informed that you can do
these things.
T o protect your rights, we need to make
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you these rights or to ask you to surrender
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to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example , if you distribute copies of the
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rights.
We prot ect your rights with a t wo-step
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T o protect each distributor , we want to
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We wish to make sure that a compan y
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this license.
Most GNU software, including some
libraries, is covered by the or dinar y GNU
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GNU Lesser General Public License, applies
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dierent from the or dinar y General Public
License. We use this license for certain
libraries in order to permit linking those
libraries into non-free programs.
When a program is linked with a library,
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the combination of the two is legally
speaking a combined work , a derivative of
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Public License theref ore permits such
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its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
Public License permits more lax criteria for
linking other code with the librar y.
We call this license the "L esser" General
Public License because it does Less to
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ordinary General Public License. It also
provides other free software developers
Less of an advantage over competing non-
free programs. These disadvantages are
the reason we use the ordinary General
Public License for man y libraries. However,
the Lesser license provides advantages in
certain special circumstances.
For example , on rare occasions, there may
be a special need to encourage the widest
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use the library. A more frequent case is that
a free library does the same job as widely
used non-free libraries. In this case, there
is little to gain by limiting the free library
to free software only , so we use the Lesser
General Public License.
In other cases, permission to use a
particular librar y in non-free programs
enables a greater number of people to use
a large body of free software. F or example,
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