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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floo r, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license docum ent, but changing it is not
allowed.
Preamble
The licenses fo r most software are des igned to take away
your freedom to shar e and change it. By contrast, the GNU
General Pu blic License is intended to g uarantee you r
freedom to share and change free sof tware--to make sure
the software is fr ee for all its use rs. This General Publ ic
License applies to m ost of the Free Software Fo undation's
software and to any other program whos e authors comm it
to using it. (Some o ther Free Software Founda tion software
is covered by the GNU Lesse r General Public License
instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free softwa re, we are referring to
freedom, not pric e. Our General Public Lice nses are
designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and c harge for this
service if you wi sh), that you receive sou rce code or can get
it if you want it, that you ca n change the software or use
pieces of it in new free programs; and that y ou know you
can do these thin gs.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrict ions that
forbid anyone to deny yo u these rights or to ask you to
surrender the rights . These restrictions translate to certain
responsibilities for you if you di stribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the r ecipients all
the rights that you have. Yo u must make sure that they, too,
receive or ca n get the sourc e code. And you mu st show
them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with tw o steps: (1) copyright the
software, and (2) offer you th is license which gives you legal
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection a nd ours, we want to
make certain that everyone understands that there i s no
warranty for this free software. If the soft ware is modified
by someone else and passed on, we want its reci pients to
know that what they have is not t he original, so that any
problems introduced by other s will not reflect on the
original authors ' reputations.
Finally, any free prog ram is threatened constantl y by
software patents. We wi sh to avoid the danger that
redistributors of a free program will individual ly obtain
patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary.
To prevent this, we have made it clea r that any patent must
be licensed for everyone's free use or no t licensed at all.
The precise terms and condi tions for copying, distribu tion
and modif ication foll ow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION
AND MODIFICATION
0. This Licen se applies to any program or oth er work
which contai ns a notice plac ed by the copyrig ht holder
saying it may be distributed und er the terms of this
General Public Li cense. The "Program", b elow, refers to
any such program or work, and a "work based on the
Program" means either the Program or any derivati ve
work under copyright law: that is to say, a work
containing t he Program or a portion of i t, either
verbatim or with modificatio ns and/or translated into
another la nguage. (H ereinafte r, transla tion is incl uded
without limi tation in the term "m odification".) Each
licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and
modification are not c overed by this License; they are
outside its scope. The a ct of running the Program is no t
restricted, and the output from the Pr ogram is covered
only if its cont ents constitute a work based o n the
Program (indepen dent of having been made by r unning
the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the
Program do es.
1. You may copy and distribu te verbatim copies of the
Program's so urce code as y ou receive it , in any
medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and discl aimer of warranty; keep intact
all the notices th at refer to this License and to the
absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients
of the Progr am a copy of this L icense along w ith the
Program.
You may charge a fee f or the physical act of transferring
a copy, and you may at your option offer wa rranty
protection in exch ange for a fee.
2. You may mo dify your cop y or copies of the Program o r
any portion o f it, thus form ing a work bas ed on the
Program , and copy and di stribute suc h modificat ions or
work under the terms of Section 1 above, provid ed that
you also meet all o f these conditions :
a) You must c ause the modified files to carry prominen t
notices stating that you changed the fil es and the
date of any change.
b) Yo u must cause any work that yo u distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part cont ains or is derive d
from the Program or any part thereof, to be lic ensed
as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the
terms of this Lic ense.
c) If the modified p rogram normal ly reads comma nds
interactively when run, you must cau se it, when
started ru nning for suc h interactive us e in the most
ordinary way , to print or disp lay an announ cement
including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that
you provide a warranty) and that users may
redistribute the program unde r these conditions, and
telling the user how to vie w a copy of this License.
(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normall y print such an anno uncement, your
work based on the Program is not required to print an
announce ment.)
These re quireme nts apply to the mo dified w ork as a wh ole.
If identifiab le sections of that wo rk are not derived fr om the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent
and separate works in the mselves, then this License, an d
its terms, do not apply to tho se sections when you
distribute them as se parate works. But when you dist ribute
the same sections as part of a whole wh ich is a work based
on the Progr am, the distribu tion of the wh ole must be on
the terms of this Licens e, whose perm issions for ot her
licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and
every p art regard less of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the inte nt of this section to claim ri ghts or
contest your rights to work wri tten entirely by you; rather,
the intent is to exerci se the right to control the distribution
of derivative or collective work s based on the Pr ogram.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on
the Program with the Pro gram (or with a work based on the
Program) on a volume of a stora ge or distributi on medium
does not bring the other work under the scope of this
License.
3. You may copy and distri bute the Program (or a work
based on it, under Section 2) in o bject code or
executable form u nder the terms of Section s 1 and 2
above provided that you also do one of the fo llowing:
a) Accompany it w ith the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
on a mediu m customarily used for sof tware
interchange; or,
b) Ac company it with a written offer, vali d for at least
three years, to give any third party, for a charge no
more than your cost of physically performing source
distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of
the corre sponding source code , to be dist ributed
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
medium custom arily used for softwar e interchange;
or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to
the offer to distribute corres ponding source code.
(This alternative is allowed only for n oncommercial
distributio n and only if you r eceived the pro gram in
ob jec t co de or e xec uta bl e fo rm wit h su ch an o ff er, in
accord with Subsection b above.)
The source co de for a work means the pr eferred form of the
work for making modifications to it . For an executable
work, comple te source code means a ll the source code for
all modules it contains , plus any associated interface
definition files , plus the scripts used to control compilatio n
and installation of the exe cutable. However, as a special
exception, th e source code di stributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in ei ther source or
binary form) with the major components (com piler, kernel,
and so on) of the operating sys tem on which the executab le
runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
executa ble.
If distribution of executable or o bject code is made by
offering access to copy from a designated place, then
o f f e r i ng e qu i v al en t a cc e ss t o c o py t he s o ur c e c o de f ro m th e
sa me p la ce co u nt s a s d i st ri bu t io n o f t he s ou rc e co de , e ve n
though third parties are no t compelled to copy the source
al
on
g with the object code.
4. You may not cop y, modify, subli cense, or distribu te the
Program except as expressly provided un der this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Program is void , and will
automatically ter minate your rights un der this License .
However, parties who have receive d copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not hav e their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance .
5. You are not require d to accept t his License , since you
have not signed it. However, nothing els e grants you
permis sion to modi fy or dist ribute t he Program or its
derivative works. These actions are pro hibited by law if
you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying
or distributing the Pro gram (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
to do so, and all its terms and conditions for co pying,
distri buting or mo difying t he Progra m or works based
on it.
6 Each time you redistribute the Program (or an y work
based on the Program), the recipient automatically
receives a li cense from the orig inal licensor to c opy,
distribute or modify t he Program subject to these ter ms
and condi tions. You may no t impose any fur ther
restrictions o n the recipients' exercise of the rights
granted herei n. You are not respon sible for enforcin g
compliance b y third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation
of patent infr ingement or f or any other reas on (not
limited to patent issu es), condit ions are imp osed on you
(whether by court order , agreement or otherwise) th at
contradict the co nditions of thi s License, they d o not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneous ly your
obligations under this Li cense and any other pertinen t
obligations, then as a conseque nce you may not
distribute the Program at al l. For example, if a patent
license woul d not permit royalty-f ree redistributi on of
the Program by all those who receive copies d irectly or
indirectly through you, the n the only way you could
satisfy both it and this L icense would be to refrain
entirely from dist ribution of the Program.
If any port ion of this se ction is hel d invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is in tended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in oth er
circumstan ces.
It is not the purpose of t his section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right clai ms or to
contest v alidity of an y such claims; this section has the
sole purpose of protectin g the integrity of the free
software distr ibution syst em, which is imp lemented by
public license practices. Many people have made
generous co ntributions to the w ide range of sof tware
distributed through that sys tem in reliance on
consistent application of that system; it is up to the
author/don or to decid e if he or she i s willing to
distribu te softwa re through any other system and a
licensee can not impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoro ughly clear what
is believed to be a co nsequence of the rest of this
License.
8. If the distributio n and/or use of the Program is
restricted in cert ain countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder
who places the P rogram under this L icense may add an
explicit geograp hical distributio n limitation excl uding
those countries, so that distribu tion is permitted only in
or among countries not thus excluded. In such case,
this License incor porates the limitation as i f written in
the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/
or new vers ions of the Ge neral Publi c License fr om time
t o t i m e. S u c h n e w v e r s i o n s w i l l b e si mil a r i n s p i r i t t o th e
present version, but may diffe r in detail to address new
problems or c oncerns.
Each version i s given a distin guishing versi on number.
If the Program spec ifies a version n umber of this
License which app lies to it and "any later version", y ou
have the opt ion of follow ing the terms a nd condition s
either of that version or of any later version published by
the Free Software Founda tion. If the Program does not
specify a version numb er of this License, y ou may
choose any version ever publis hed by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to inco rporate parts of the Program i nto
other free programs wh ose distribution con ditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permissi on. For
software which is copyr ighted by the Free Softwar e
Founda tion, wri te to the Free Sof tware Fo undation; we
sometimes mak e exception s for this. Our de cision will
be guided by th e two goals of pr eserving the free status
of all deriv atives of our fr ee software a nd of promotin g
the sharing and reus e of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF
CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/
OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"
WITHOUT WA RRANTY OF AN Y KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRO GRAM IS
WITH YOU. SH OULD THE PROGRAM PRO VE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE
LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO
MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM
AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU F OR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL ,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAG ES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE TH E
PROGRA M (INCLUDI NG BUT NOT L IMITED TO L OSS
OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR T HIRD PARTIES
OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH
ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Te rms to Your New Program s
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
greatest possible use to the publi c, the best way to achieve
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