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3. You may copy and distribute the
Program (o r a work based on it, und er
Section 2) in object code or executable
form under the terms of Sections 1 and
2 above provided that you also do one of
the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete
correspo nding machine-readabl e
source code, whi ch must be
distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software
interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer,
valid for at least three y ears, to give
any third party, for a charge no more
than your cost of physically
performing source distri bution, a
complete machine-readable copy of
the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software
interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information
you received as to the offer to
distribute correspondi ng source
code. (This alternat ive is allowed only
for noncomm ercial distribution an d
only if you received the p rogram in
object code or executable form with
such an offer, in accord with
Subsection b above.)
The sou rce code f or a work means the
preferred form of the work for making
modifications to it. For an executable
work, complete source code means all
the source code for all modules it
contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scr ipts used to
control compilation and installation of
the executable. However, as a special
exception, the source code distributed
need not include anything that is
normally distributed (in either source or
binary form) with the major
components (compiler, kernel, an d so
on) of the operating system on which
the executable runs, unless that
component itself accompanies the
executable.
If distribution of executable or object
code is made by offering acc e ss to copy
from a designated place, then offering
equivalent access to copy the source
code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even
though third parties ar e not compelled
to copy the source along with the o bject
code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense,
or distribute th e Program except as
expressly provided under this License.
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribu te the Program is
void, and will auto matically terminate
your rights under this License.
However, parties who have re ceived
copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their lic enses
terminated so long as such pa rties
remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this
License, since you have not signed it.
However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or di stribute the
Program or its derivative works. These
actions are prohibited by law if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifyin g or distrib uting the Prog ram
(or any work based on the Program),
you indicate your acceptance of this
License to do so, a nd all it s terms and
conditions for copying, distr ibuting or
modifyin g the Progra m or works ba sed
on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program
(or any work based on the Program), the
recipient automatically receives a
license from the origin al licensor to
copy, distribu te or modify the Program
subject to these terms and conditions.
You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients ' exercise
of the rights granted h e rein. You ar e not
responsible for enforc ing compliance
by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court
judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other rea son
(not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether
by court order, agreement or otherwise)
that contradict the conditions of this
License, they do not excuse you from
the conditions of this License. If you
cannot distribute so as to satisfy
simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all.
For example, if a patent license would
not permit royalty-free redistri bution of
the Program by all those who receive
copies directly or indirectly through you,
then the only way you could s atisfy both
it and this License wou ld be to refrain
entirely from distribution o f the
Program.
If any portion of this sec tion is held
invalid or unenforceable under any
particular ci rcumstance, the bal ance of
the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is in tended to apply
in other circums tances.
It is not the purpose of this section to
induce you to infringe a ny patents or
other property right claims or to contest
validity of any suc h claims; this section
has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution
system, which is im plemented by public
license practices. Many people have
made generous c ontributions to the
wide range of software dis tributed
through that system in reliance on
consistent application of that sy stem; it
is up to the author/donor to d ecide if he
or she is willing to distri bute software
thr
ough any other system and a
licensee cannot impose tha
t choice.
This section is intended to make
thoroughly clear w hat is believed to be a
consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the
Program is restricted in certain
countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original
copyright holder who places the
Program under this License may add an
explicit geog raphical distribution
limitation excluding those countries, so
that distribution is permitted only in or
among countries not thus excluded. In
such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of
this License.
9. The Free S oftware Foundation may
publish revis ed and/or new versions of
the General Public License fr om time to
time. Such new versions will be similar
in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to a ddress new problems
or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguish ing
version number. If the Program
specifies a version numb er of this
License which applies to it and “any
later version”, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later
version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not
specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version
ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wi sh to incorporate parts of the
Program int o other free programs
whose distributi on conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for
permission . For software whi ch is
copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software
Foundation; we sometimes make
exceptions for thi s. Our decision will be
guided by the two goals of preserving
the free status of all derivatives of ou r
free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECA USE THE PROGRAM IS
LICENSE D FREE OF CHARG E, THERE
IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
PROGRAM, TO THE EXTEN T
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATE D
IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE T HE PROGRAM “AS IS ”
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIN D,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPL IED,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIM ITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS F OR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS
WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM
PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE
COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING ,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN N O EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY
APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED T O IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT
HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO
MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTR I BUTE
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED
ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES A RISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
THE PROGRAM (INCLUDIN G BUT NOT
LIMITED TO L OSS OF DATA OR DATA
BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR
THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE
PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH
HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND
CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to
Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want
it to be of the greatest possible use to the
public, the best way to achieve this is to
make it free software which everyone can
redistri bute and change u nder these term s.
To do so, attach the following notices to the
program. It is safest to attach them to the
start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each
file should have at least the “copy right” line
and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
one line to gi ve the program’s name and an
idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy name o f author
This program is free softwa re; you can
redistribut e it an d/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Found ation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope tha t
it will be useful, but WITHOUT A NY
WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTIC ULAR PURPOSE. See th e
GNU General Public License for more
details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU
General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin
Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
USA.
Also add information on how to contact you
by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output
a short notice like this when it starts in an
interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) yea r
name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO
WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. This
is free software, and you are welcome to
redistribute it under certain conditions;
type ‘show c’ for details.
The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and
‘show c’ shoul d show the appropriate par ts
of the General Public License. Of course,
the commands you use may be called
something other than ‘show w’ and ‘show
c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or
menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you
work as a prog rammer) or your school, if
any, to sign a “copyrig ht disclaimer” for the
program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all
copyright interest in the program
‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at
compilers) written by James Hacker.
signature of T y Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not
permit inco rporating your progra m into
proprietar y programs. If y our program is a
subroutine library, you may consider it
more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the libra ry. If this is what
you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC
LICENSE
Version 2.1, February 1999
Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and d istribute
verbatim copies of this license document,
but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the
Lesser GPL. It also counts as the successor
of the GNU Library Public License, version
2, hence the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed
to take away your freedom to share and
change it. By contrast, the GNU General
Public Licenses are intended to guarantee
your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free
for all its users.
This license, the Lesser Ge neral Public
License, applies to some specially
designated software packa ges--typically
libraries--of the Free Software Foundation
and other authors who decide to use it. You
can use it too, but we suggest you first think
carefully about whether this license or the
ordinary General Public License is the
better strategy to use in any particular case,
based on the explanations below.
When we speak of free software, we are
referring to freedom of use, not price. Our
General Public Licenses are designed to
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distribute copies of free software (and
charge for this service if you w ish); that you
receive source code or can get it if you want
it; that you can change the software and
use pieces of it in new free programs; and
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To protect your rights, we need to make
restrictions that forbid distrib utors to deny
you these rights or to ask you to surrender
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For example, if you distribute copies of the
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too, re ceive or c an get the source co de. If
you link other code with the lib rary, you
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the library after making changes to the
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We protect your rights with a two-step
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legal permission to copy, distr ibute and/or
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To protect each distributor, we want to
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Finally, software patents pose a constant
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We wish to make sure that a company
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Most GNU software, includin g some
libraries, is cover ed by the ordinary GNU
General Public Licen se. This license, the
GNU Lesser General Public License,
applies to certain designa ted libraries, and
is quite different from the ordinary General
Public License. We use this license for
certain libraries in or der to permit linking
those libraries into non-free programs.
When a program is linked with a libra ry,
whether stati cally or using a shared li brary,
the combination of the two is le gally
speaking a combined work, a d e rivative of
the origi nal library. T he ordinary G eneral
Public License therefore permits such
linking only if the entire combinat ion fits its
criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
Public License per mits more lax criteria for
linking other code with the library.
We call this license the “Lesser” General
Public License because it does Less to
protect the user's freedom than the ordinary
General Public Lic ense. It also provides
other free softw are developers Less o f an
advantage over competing non-free
programs. These disadvantages are the
reason we use the ordinary General Public
License for many libraries. However, the
Lesser license provides advantages in
certain special circumstances.