Bedienungsanleitung Princess 1938 (Seite 11 von 60) (Deutsch, Englisch, Holländisch, Dänisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Portugiesisch, Spanisch, Schwedisch, Norwegisch, Finnisch)

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FLOUR

The main ingredient of bread is flour. There are a great many types of flour and flour mixes and the type

of grain used for the flour makes a lot of difference to the bread. Wheat flour, for instance, contains so

much gluten that it rises better than other denser flour and therefore needs less yeast. Glutens are protein

complexes which are present in grains such as wheat, oats, rye and barley. When bread rises this gluten

forms a network which prevents the carbon dioxide gas bubbles from escaping so that they remain inside

the dough and the bread will rise.

Plain or household flour

Most white flour is called plain or household flour and this contains almost no bran or wheatgerm but

does contain a lot of gluten. This flour is used to thicken soups and sauces but perfectly good bread can

be baked using it.

Wheat flour

Wheat flour is white flour formed from grains of wheat and it is slightly grey in colour because it

contains a small quantity of bran and wheatgerm as well as a lot of gluten.

Wholemeal flour

Wholemeal flour is ground from the complete, untreated grains of wheat so that all the bran and

wheatgerm are still in it.

Just like wheat flour it is rich in gluten but denser because of the bran and wheatgerm particles. If only

wholemeal flour is used the bread is more compact so that most home bakers also add some wheat flour.

In addition to these varieties of flour there are lots more for you to experiment with including oatmeal,

barley flour, buckwheat, spelt, cornflour and rye flour.

Mixing flour types

Most flour types can be mixed together easily. Common combinations are buckwheat/oats/wheat and

barley/wheat. Various mixes are available in the shops, such as waldkorn, six, nine or ten-grain

multi-flour. These mixes often already contain bread improver as well as the flour.

All-in mixes

These are mixes which contain all the necessary ingredients except water. They are easy and quick to use

but are also more expensive.

YEAST

Yeast is necessary if bread is to rise. Yeast is available either as fresh yeast (blocks) or dried yeast

(granules). There are various types of dried yeast which work slightly differently from each other so that

once more it is a question of personal preference.

Roughly speaking you will need about half as much dry yeast (also known as instant) as you would fresh.

Yeast may not work properly if it comes into contact with salt or fats. Salt can kill the yeast while fats

enclose the yeast cells preventing them from rising. Therefore, it is important that the yeast, salt and

butter are not too close to each other in the breadmaker.

SALT

Naturally salt adds to the taste of the bread but it is also important for making a crisp crust and for the

rising process (although salt can stop this if it comes into contact with the yeast). Salt strengthens the

gluten structure which gives the bread its form and also helps to prevent the bread from rising out of the

pan or collapsing before it is properly baked. It is quite possible to bake low-salt or even salt-free bread

but then the ingredients will need to be varied.

LIQUIDS

The commonest liquid used in baking bread is water but you can also try using fresh milk

or buttermilk. If you do this it will also affect the amount of rising and the structure of the

bread. Because of the amount of fat present full fat milk keeps the bread fresher for longer

and the milk sugars present (lactose) improve the rising. Buttermilk gives a lighter loaf that

stays fresh longer.

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Princess 1938 Seite 11

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