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Introduction
Blood pressure measurements determined with X9 are equivalent to those obtained
by a trained observer using cu/stethoscope auscultation method, within the limits
prescribed by the American National Standard, Electronic or Automated Sphygmoma-
nometers. This unit is to be used by adult consumers in home, physicians’ oces, hospi-
tals, clinics and other medical facilities. The patient is an intended operator. Do not use
this device on infants or neonates. X9 is protected against manufacturing defects by an
established International Warranty Program. For warranty information, you can contact
the manufacturer, Rossmax International Ltd.
Attention: Consult the accompanying documents. Please read this manual care-
fully before use. For specic information on your own blood pressure, contact your
physician. Please be sure to keep this manual.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection (AFib)
The upper chambers of the heart (the atria) do not contract, but quiver and thus blood
is driven irregularly and with lower eciency into the ventricles. Subsequently irregular
heartbeats occurs, which mostly are associated with a fast, yet highly instable heart rate.
PARR(Pulse Arrhythmia) Technology
Pulse Arrhythmia (PARR) technology specically detects the existence of pulse arrhyth-
mia, including atrial brillation (AFib), Atrial and / or Ventricular Premature Contractions
(PC), Tachycardia (TACH), and Bradycardia (BRAD). Pulse Arrhythmia may be related to
cardiac disorders, needs medical attention and thus early diagnosis is of paramount
importance. The PARR technology detects arrhythmia during regular blood pressure
checks without any additional user skills, user interaction and measurement prolonga-
tion. Beside the blood pressure diagnosis a specic pulse arrhythmia diagnosis is pro-
vided with PARR.
Note: The PARR detection of AFib, PC, TACH and BRAD is provided with a clinically
proven high detection probability [1]. However, the sensitivity and specicity is
limited, thus most, but not all pulse arrhythmia will be detected and displayed.
In certain patients with uncommon clinical conditions the PARR technology may
not be able to detect pulse arrhythmia. This partly comes from the fact that some
arrhythmia can only be found with an ECG diagnosis, but not with a pulse diagno-
sis. Thus PARR is not meant to replace any medical ECG diagnosis by your doctor.
PARR provides an early detection of certain pulse arrhythmia, which inevitably
need to be presented to your doctor in charge.
Remark: [1] Clinical Investigation of PARR - A new Oscillometric Pulse Arrhythmia Type
Discriminating Detection Technology
Premature Contraction Detection (PC)
Extra abnormal heartbeats generated in irregular excitation sites of your heart, either in
the atria (PAC), the ventricle (PVC) or the cardiac conduction nodes (PNC). These extra
beats may disrupt your regular rhythm, they may come in early or cause a signicant
pauses regarding your perceivable pulse. This is called palpitations, which can be felt in
your chest. They may occur as isolated, single events, as a series of irregular pulses or can
be distributed all over your pulse beats. If they are not related to mental stress, or acute
demanding physical load, they may be a marker for a multitude of cardiac disorders.
Some of these disorders go along with an elevated risk prole for ischemic events, either
in the heart (e,g, coronary heart disease) or outside the heart, e.g. an elevated risk for a
stroke. Some PCs may indicate on valvular or myocardial disorders and become very
important if a myocarditis (infection of the heart muscle) is suspected. This unit is able to
detect premature contractions. The ARR and PC icons ( ) are displayed right after
the measurement if premature contractions have been detected.
Note: It is strongly recommended, that you consult your physician, if either the PC icon
occurs newly for several times, or, if your PC is known to your doctor, but the inci-
dence of PC readings changes over time. Your doctor will then be able to provide
all required medical test and possible therapeutic procedures.
This condition is associated with a higher risk for the formation of cardiac blood clots.
Amongst others, they may elevate the risk of brain strokes. Beside this atrial brillation
may contribute to the severity of a chronic or acute heart failure condition and may be
associated with other heart-related complications. Age dependent, about 10 %- 20 %
percent of patients who suer from an ischemic stroke also suer from atrial brillation.
Atrial brillation most often initially occurs with temporary periods of arrhythmia and
may progress to a permanent state of this disorder in the course of time. No matter,
whether you intent to safeguard yourself from an undetected AFib state, or you meas-
ure during an ongoing period of active atrial brillation, or you measure in between pe-
riods of AFib, the PARR technology can be applied at any of these conditions. This unit
is able to detect Atrial brillation (AFib). The ARR and AFib icons (
) are displayed
right after the measurement if Atrial Fibrillation was detected.
Note: It is strongly recommended, that you consult your physician, if either the AFib icon
occurs newly for several times, or, if your AFib is known to your doctor, but the
incidence of AFib readings changes over time. Your doctor will then be able to
provide all required medical test and possible therapeutic procedures.
Note: The presence of a cardiac pacemaker may impair the AFib detection by PARR.
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