Bedienungsanleitung Schwinn 102 Upright Bike (Seite 22 von 29) (Englisch)

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GUIDELINES

 Muscular Strength

The new guidelines have added resistance training since the ACSM recognizes the increasing importance

of maintaining strength as a health benefit as we get older. The rationale for the addition of strength training

to the guidelines is a result of a ten year follow-up study on master runners (along with other studies).

Those who continued to train aerobically without upper body exercise maintained their body's oxygen

transporting capacity over the years, but lost about 4.5 pounds of lean body mass; those who included

strength training in their program maintained their lean body mass along with their aerobic capacity after 10

years of aging.

The guidelines also show where consistent resistance training helps maintain bone and muscle mass

as we get older. For women, strength training (along with the aerobic work) may also protect against post

menopausal bone loss and osteoporosis in their later years.

The guidelines recommend that two strength training sessions per week should be added to your

workout schedule. We recommend three sessions a week during the off-season and two sessions a

week for maintenance during the in-season. The new ACSM guidelines recommend one set of eight to

12 repetitions of eight to 10 strength exercises of your major muscle groups per session as the minimum

requirement. A complete detailed strength training program will be outlined in a later section of this book.

If weights or other resistance training devices are not available, add calisthenics to your program.

 Cardiovascular Fitness

The new statement, published in 1991, repeats the four recommendations on duration, intensity,

frequency and various modes of aerobic activity, with slight changes. The duration is now 20 to 60 minutes,

versus a minimum of 15 minutes in the past.

Intensity of exercise can be determined by two methods. The first is the familiar use of target heart rate.

The guidelines state that you should aim to work at 60 to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate (max HR =

220 - your age) or 50 to 85 percent of your maximal oxygen capacity (determined by doing a stress test on a

bicycle ergometer or treadmill at a medical facility).

Duration is dependent upon the intensity of the activity; for those who like to work at a lower intensity

they should work out longer. Low to moderate intensity cycling, stepping, walking, or cross-country skiing

is best for most adults, because higher intensity workouts can lead to increased risk of injury and it is easier

to adhere to the exercise routine. Beginners can achieve a significant training effect from low intensity

workouts. If you're already fit and want to improve, gradually increase your intensity.

The type of activity, once again, should include anything that uses large muscle groups, and is rhythmical

and aerobic in nature, such as cycling or running. Other activities could include stair climbing, cross-country

skiing, walking, etc. These activities need to be carried out three to five days per week.

 Training Effect

Duration, intensity and frequency of training stimulate the aerobic training effect. Any training done

below the ACSM guidelines will not be sufficient enough to give you the aerobic training effect. If you

are exercising more than the recommendations, it will not significantly increase the aerobic training effect,

though athletes training for competition need to exercise more to be competitive. It is important to

remember not to over do it; your body needs adequate recovery from a hard workout.

In general, endurance training for fewer than two days per week at less than 60 percent of maximal heart

rate, for fewer than 20 minutes per day, and without a well-rounded resistance and flexibility program is

inadequate for developing and maintaining fitness in healthy adults. It is just that simple.

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