Bedienungsanleitung VeraCrypt 1.16 (Seite 154 von 162) (Englisch)

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Note that this specification applies to volumes created by VeraCrypt 1.0b or later. The format of

file- hosted volumes is identical to the format of partition/device-hosted volumes (however, the

"volume header", or key data, for a system partition/drive is stored in the last 512 bytes of the first

logical drive track). VeraCrypt volumes have no "signature" or ID strings. Until decrypted, they

appear to consist solely of random data.

Free space on each VeraCrypt volume is filled with random data when the volume is created.

The

random data is generated as follows: Right before VeraCrypt volume formatting begins, a

temporary encryption key and a temporary secondary key (XTS mode) are generated by the random

number generator (see the section Random Number Generator). The encryption algorithm that the

user selected is initialized with the temporary keys. The encryption algorithm is then used to

encrypt plaintext blocks consisting of zeroes. The encryption algorithm operates in XTS mode (see

the section Modes of Operation). The resulting ciphertext blocks are used to fill (overwrite) the free

space on the volume. The temporary keys are stored in RAM and are erased after formatting

finishes.

The fields located at byte #0 (salt) and #256 (master keys) contain random values generated by the

random number generator (see the section Random Number Generator) during the volume creation

process. If a VeraCrypt volume hosts a hidden volume (within its free space), the header of the

hidden volume is located at byte #65536 of the host volume (the header of the host/outer volume is

located at byte #0 of the host volume – see the section Hidden Volume). If there is no hidden

volume within a VeraCrypt volume, bytes 65536–131071 of the volume (i.e., the area where the

header of a hidden volume can reside) contain random data (see above for information on the

method used to fill free volume space with random data when the volume is created). The layout of

the header of a hidden volume is the same as the one of a standard volume (bytes 0–65535).

The maximum possible VeraCrypt volume size is 2

bytes (8,589,934,592 GB). However, due to

security reasons (with respect to the 128-bit block size used by the encryption algorithms), the

maximum allowed volume size is 1 PB (1,048,576 GB).

Embedded Backup Headers

Each VeraCrypt volume contains an embedded backup header, located at the end of the volume

(see above). The header backup is not a copy of the volume header because it is encrypted with a

different header key derived using a different salt (see the section Header Key Derivation, Salt,

and Iteration Count).

When the volume password and/or PIM and/or keyfiles are changed, or when the header is restored

from the embedded (or an external) header backup, both the volume header and the backup header

(embedded in the volume) are re-encrypted with different header keys (derived using newly

generated salts – the salt for the volume header is different from the salt for the backup header).

Each salt is generated by the VeraCrypt random number generator (see the section Random Number

Generator).

For more information about header backups, see the subsection Tools -> Restore Volume Header in

the chapter Main Program Window.

Provided that the options Quick Format and Dynamic are disabled and provided that the volume does not contain a filesystem that

has been encrypted in place (note that VeraCrypt does not allow the user to create a hidden volume within such a volume).

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