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ET5000 User Manual The gateway for Smart Linux TV

VIII. Glossary

8PSK

8-PSK is usually the highest order PSK constellation deployed. With more than 8

phases, the error-rate becomes too high and there are better, though more

complex, modulations available such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

Although any number of phases may be used, the fact that the constellation must

usually deal with binary data means that the number of symbols is usually a

power of 2 — this allows an equal number of bits-per-symbol.

CAM

Conditional Access Module is an electronic device, usually incorporating a slot for

a smart card, which equips an Integrated Digital Television or set-top box with the

appropriate hardware facility to view conditional access content that has been

encrypted using a conditional access system. They are normally used with direct

broadcast satellite (DBS) services.

Composite Video

Composite video is the format of an analog television (picture only) signal before

it is combined with a sound signal and modulated onto an RF carrier. Composite

video is often designated by the CVBS acronym, meaning ‘Color, Video, Blank

and Sync’. In German (with PAL being a German invention by Telefunken's

Walter Bruch) the abbreviation FBAS (Farbe-Bild-Austastung-Synchron) means

the same.

It is usually in standard formats such as NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. It is a

composite of three source signals called Y, U and V (together referred to as YUV)

with sync pulses. Y represents the brightness or luminance of the picture and

includes synchronizing pulses, so that by itself it could be displayed as a

monochrome picture. U and V represent hue and saturation or chrominance;

between them they carry the color information. They are first modulated on two

orthogonal phases of a color carrier signal to form a signal called the

chrominance. Y and UV are then combined. Since Y is a baseband signal and UV

has been mixed with a carrier, this addition is equivalent to frequency-division

multiplexing.

Conditional Access System

Several companies provide competing Conditional Access Systems; Irdeto

Access, Nagravision, Conax, Viaccess, Verimatrix and NDS are among the most

commonly used CAS systems.

DiSEqC

Stands for Digital Satellite Equipment Control. It is a special communication

protocol for use between a satellite receiver and a device such as a multi-dish

switch or a small dish antenna rotor. DiSEqC was developed by European

satellite provider Eutelsat, which now acts as the standards agency for the

protocol.

Dolby Digital

Dolby Digital is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of

sound. The most elaborate mode in common usage involves five channels for

normal-range speakers (20 Hz - 20,000 Hz) (right front, center, left front, right rear

and left rear) and one channel (20 Hz - 120 Hz allotted audio) for the subwoofer

driven low-frequency effects. Mono and stereo modes are also supported.AC-3

supports audio sample-rates up to 48 kHz.

* Dolby Digital

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