Bedienungsanleitung Yamaha CS1X (Seite 13 von 64) (Englisch)

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How The CS1x

Generates Sound

Oscillators, Filters And

Amplifiers

Synthesizers rely on three key electronic components to imitate the

soundwaves of musical instrument voices, as well as create entirely new

sounds.

In traditional analog synthesis the source sound pitch is generated by an

oscillator

, its tone is created by a

filter

, and its volume is determined by

amplifier

AMPLIFIERSFILTERSOSCILLATORS

DETERMINES

VOLUME

CREATES

TONE

GENERATES

PITCH

!The oscillator generates sound wave vibrations at controllable speeds,

or frequencies, to create pitch. Synthesizer oscillators usually offer a

range of frequencies between 20 Hz and 20kHz, which is the range

of the audio spectrum that most human beings can hear. They also

usually offer various types of sound waveforms, such as sine, sawtooth,

and others.

"Musical instrument sounds are made up of the basic tone that we

clearly distinguish, plus additional harmonics, or overtones which

exist at each octave above the basic tone, but that we cannot distinctly

hear. The filter provides control over these harmonics. By manipulating

the filter's cutoff frequency, which decides where to delete—or cut

off—the overtones, and resonance settings, you can thus determine

the tone.

#An amplifier controls the volume of the tone. An envelope generator

(EG) determines the tone's volume over time, through attack, decay,

sustain and release settings.

AWM2 Waveforms

The CS1x takes the familiar concepts and functions of analog synthesis

and combines them with the state of the art in digital synthesis technology.

As such, it has hundreds of AWM2 waveforms, or digital recordings

("samples"), of all types of musical instrument and other sounds

programmed right inside—including everything from a violin bow

scraping a string, to a mallet striking a marimba, to a breath blowing

across a flute mouthpiece.

An AWM2 waveform forms the fundamental tone source of a CS1x voice;

the rest of the sound is contoured by the oscillator, filter and amplifier

settings. CS1x synthesis gives you enormous realtime and other control

over detailed aspects of all parameter settings.

In order to better understand what's actually happening to the sound as

you turn the Sound Control Knobs or modify other parameters, it is helpful

to first take a look at the key components which make up the physical

nature of sound.

The Nature

Of Sound

What is sound? If we could see sounds they would look like waves rippling

through the air at a constant speed with high frequencies bunched close

together and lower frequencies spread far apart.

Our ears are naturally designed to take these physical vibrations—or

sound waves—moving through the air around us at high, mid and low

frequencies, and interpret them as a dog barking across the street, someone

practicing a violin next door, a jet airplane screaming overhead, or rock

music on the stereo in front of you.

Generating

Electronic

Sounds

There are three basic elements which make up a sound:

•

pitch

, or how low or high it is

•

tone

, or what its overall quality is like

•

amplitude

, or how loud its volume level is

Before we take a look at how the CS1x generates and manipulates pitch,

tone and amplitude, lets first take a look at how these elements apply

naturally to acoustic musical instruments.

Acoustic musical instruments are specifically designed and carefully built

to produce precise sound characteristics when played—which is why a

violin always sounds like a violin, a piano always sounds like a piano,

and a flute always sounds like a flute.

A musician playing a finely crafted violin will scrape the bow across the

string at a certain intensity to generate violin sound waves at a certain

volume level (

amplitude

), and produce low or high notes based on

fingering positions (

pitch

). The vibrating strings and resonating wood, as

well as the playing style and technique of the musician, will determine

the overall quality of the violin's sound (

tone

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