Bedienungsanleitung Yamaha emx212s 8 kanaals powermixer (Seite 15 von 36) (Englisch)

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Making the Most of Your Mixer

EMX512SC/EMX312SC/EMX212S

BASIC

Signal Levels and

the Decibel

Let’s take a look at one of the

most commonly used units in

audio: the decibel (dB). If the

smallest sound that can be heard

by the human ear is given an

arbitrary value of 1, then the

loudest sound that can be heard

is approximately 1,000,000 (one

million) times louder. That’s too

many digits to deal with for

practical calculations, and so the

more appropriate “decibel” (dB)

unit was created for sound-related

measurements. In this system the

difference between the softest

and loudest sounds that can be

heard is 120 dB. This is a non-

linear scale, and a difference of 3

dB actually results in a doubling

or halving of the loudness.

You might encounter a number of

different varieties of the dB: dBu,

dBV, dBM and others, but the

dBu is the basic decibel unit. In

the case of dBu, “0 dBu” is

specified as a signal level of

0.775 volts. For example, if a

microphone’s output level is –40

dBu (0.00775 V), then to raise

that level to 0 dBu (0.775 V) in the

mixer’s preamp stage requires

that the signal be amplified by

100 times.

A mixer may be required to

handle signals at a wide range of

levels, and it is necessary match

input and output levels as closely

as possible. In most cases the

“nominal” level for a mixer’s input

and outputs is marked on the

panel or listed in the owner’s

manual.

Making Better Mixes

Approaching the

Mix—Where Do You

Start?

Mixing is easy, right? Just move

the faders around until it sounds

right? Well, you can do it that

way, but a more systematic

approach that is suited to the

material you’re mixing will

produce much better results, and

faster. There are no rules, and

you’ll probably end up developing

a system that works best for you.

But the key is to develop a

system rather than working

haphazardly. Here are a few

ideas to get you started:

Faders Down

It might sound overly simple, but it

is usually a good idea to start with

all channel faders off—all the way

down. It’s also possible to start

with all faders at their nominal

settings, but it’s too easy to lose

perspective with this approach.

Start with all faders down, then

bring them up one by one to fill

out the mix. But which channel

should you start with?

Example1:

Vocal Ballad Backed by

Piano Trio

What are you

mixing? Is it a song

in which the vocals

are the most

important element?

Unbalanced noise

Noise

Source Cable Receiving device

+ 20 dBu

0 dBu

0.775 V

20 dBu

40 dBu

60 dBu

The inputs and outputs on home-use audio gear

usually have a nominal level of –10 dBu.

Most professional mixers, power amplifiers, and other

types of equipment have inputs and outputs with a

nominal level of +4 dBu.

Microphone signal levels vary over a wide range

depending on the type of microphone and the source.

Average speech is about –30 dBu, but the twittering of

a bird might be lower than –50 dBu while a solid bass

drum beat might produce a level as high as 0 dBu.

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