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APPENDIX
Glossary
DSD
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) technology stores audio signals on digital
storage media, such as Super Audi o CDs. Using DSD, signals are stored as
single bit values at a high-frequ ency sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz, while
noise shaping and o versampling are used to r educe distortion, a common
occurrence with very high quantization of audio signals. Due to the high
sampling rate, better audio qual ity can be achieved than that offered by the
PCM forma t used for normal a udio CDs. The fre quency is equa l to or
higher than 100 kHz, with a dynamic r ange of 120 dB. This unit can
transmit or receive DSD signals via the HDMI jack.
LFE 0.1 channel
This channel reproduces lo w-frequency bass signals, and has a frequency
range from 20 Hz to 120 Hz. This channel is counted as 0. 1, because it only
enforces a low-frequenc y range compared to the full-range reproduced b y
the other 5-channels in Dolby Digital or DTS 5.1-channel systems.
Neo:6
Neo:6 decodes the conv entional 2-cha nnel sources for 6-channel playback
by the specific decoder . It enables playbac k with the full-range channels
with higher separation just like digital discrete signal playback. There are
two modes a vailable: “Music mode” for music sources and “Cinema mode”
for movie sour ces.
PCM (Linear PCM)
Linear PCM is a signal format under which an analog audio signal is
digitized, recorded and transmitted without using any compressio n. This is
used as a method of recording CDs and D VD audio. The PCM system uses
a technique for sampling the size of the analog signal per very small unit of
time. Standing for “Pulse Code Modu lation, ” the analog signal is encoded
as pulses and then modulated fo r recording.
Sampling frequency and number of quantized bits
When digitizing an analog audio signal, the number of times the signal is
sampled per second is called the sampling frequency , while the degree of
accuracy when con verting the sound le vel into a numeric value is called the
number of quantized bits. The range of rates that can be played back is
determined based on the sampling rate, whereas the dynamic range
representing the sound level dif ference is determined by the number of
quantized bits. In principle, the higher the sampling frequency , the wider
the range of frequencies that can be played ba ck, and the higher the number
of quantized bits, the more accurat ely the sound lev el can be reproduc ed.
Sound field program information
CINEMA DSP
Since the Dolby Surroun d and DTS systems were originally designed fo r
use in movie theaters, their effect is best felt in a theater having many
speakers designed for acoustic effects. Since home co nditions, such as
room size, wall material, numb er of speakers, and so on, c an differ so
widely , it is ine vitable that there are differences in the sound that is heard.
Based on a wealth of actually measured data, Y amaha CINEMA DSP uses
Y amaha’s original DSP technology to combine Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby
Digital, and DTS systems to provide the audio visual experience of a movie
theater in the listening room of you r own home.
Compressed m usic enhancer
The Compressed music enhancer feature of this unit enhances your
listening experience by regenerating the missing harmonics in compression
artifacts. As a result, it compensates for flattened complexity due to the loss
of high-frequency fidelity as well as lack of bass due to the loss of low-
frequency bass , providing improv ed performance for the ov erall sound
system.
SILENT CINEMA
Y amaha has dev eloped a natural, realistic sound ef fect DSP algorithm for
headphones. Par ameters for headphones hav e been set for each sound field
program, so tha t accurate representations of all the sound field programs
can be enjoyed on headphones.
Virtual CIN EMA DSP
Y am aha has developed a V irtual C INEMA DSP algorithm that allows you
to enjoy DSP surround ef fects ev en without any surrou nd speakers, by
using virtual surround speak ers. It is ev en possible to enjoy V irtual
CINEMA DSP using a minimal tw o-speaker system that does not include a
center speaker .
Video information
Component video signal
W ith the component video signal system, the video signal is separated into
the Y signal for luminance and the P
B and P R signals for c hrominance.
Color can be reproduced more faithfully with this system because each of
these signals is independent. The component signal is also called the “color
difference signal” because the luminance signal is subtracted from the color
signal. A monitor with component input jacks is required in order to output
component signals.
Composite video signal
W ith the composite video signal system, the video signal comprises the
three basic elements of a video picture: colo r, brightness and
synchronization data. A composite video jack on a video co mponent
transmits these three elements combined.
Deep Color
Deep Color refers to the use of various color depths in displays, up from the
24-bit depths in pre vious versions of the HDMI specification. This extra bit
depth allows HDTVs and other displays increase from millions of colors to
billions of colors and eliminate on-screen color banding for smooth tonal
transitions and subtle gradations between colors. Th e increased contrast
ratio can represent many times more shades of gray between black and
white. Additionally , Deep Color increases the number of available colors
within the boundaries def ined by the RGB or YCbCr color space.
HDMI
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is the first industry
supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface. Providing an
interface between any sources (such as set-top boxes or A V receivers) and
audio/video monitors (such as digital tele visions), HDMI suppor ts
standard, enhanced or high-definition video as well as multichannel digital
audio using a single cable. HDMI transmits all A TSC HDTV standards and
supports 8-channel digital audio, with bandwidth to spare to accommodate
future enhancements and requirements.
When used in combination with HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content
Protection), HDMI pr ovides a secure audio/video interface that meets the
security requirements of conte nt providers and s ystem operators. For
further i nformation on HD MI, visit the HDMI website at “http://
www .hdmi.org/. ”
S-video signal
W ith the S-video signal system, the video signal normally transmitte d using
a pin cable is separated and transmitted as the Y signal for the luminance
and the C signal for the Cameroonian s through the S-video ca ble. Using the
S VIDEO jack elimina tes video signal transmission loss and allows
recording and playback of e ven more beautiful images.
“x.v . Color”
A color space s tandard supp orted by HDMI version 1.3. It is a more
extensi ve color space than sRGB, and allo ws the expression of colors that
were not hitherto possible. While remaining compatible with the color
gamut of sRGB standards, “x.v .Color” expands the color space, and can
thus produce more vivid, natural images. It is particula rly effecti ve for still
pictures and computer graphics.