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Appendix E IPv6

eircom F1000 Modem User’s Guide

343

• Neighbor advertisement: A response from a node to announce its link-layer address.

• Router solicitation: A request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default router and

forward packets.

• Router advertisement: A response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast advertisement

from a router to advertise its presence and other parameters.

IPv6 Cache

An IPv6 host is required to have a neighbor cache, destination cache, prefix list and default router

list. The Device maintains and updates its IPv6 caches constantly using the information from

response messages. In IPv6, the Device configures a link-local address automatically, and then

sends a neighbor solicitation message to check if the address is unique. If there is an address to be

resolved or verified, the Device also sends out a neighbor solicitation message. When the Device

receives a neighbor advertisement in response, it stores the neighbor’s link-layer address in the

neighbor cache. When the Device uses a router solicitation message to query for a router and

receives a router advertisement message, it adds the router’s information to the neighbor cache,

prefix list and destination cache. The Device creates an entry in the default router list cache if the

router can be used as a default router.

When the Device needs to send a packet, it first consults the destination cache to determine the

next hop. If there is no matching entry in the destination cache, the Device uses the prefix list to

determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing

through a router. If the address is unlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the

Device determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP

address is known, the Device looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and sends

the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the Device cannot find an entry in the neighbor cache

or the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps

reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages.

Multicast Listener Discovery

The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's

Internet Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather

than IGMP message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.

MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive

multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.

MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.

MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.

MLD Messages

A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast

forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report

message for that address.

An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave

a multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then

sends a group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if

other devices connected to this port should remain in the group.

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