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Appendix B Wireless LANs

VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide

401

In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key,

which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key,

password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.

Types of EAP Authentication

This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP.

Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.

EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x

transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact

with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server

perform authentication.

The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that

supports IEEE 802.1x.

For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the

certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to

authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.

EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)

MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a

challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the

password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.

However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the

plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server

may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5

authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method

does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for

data encryption.

EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)

With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual

authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server,

the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open

before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital

certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-

TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management

overhead.

EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)

EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side

authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending

username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client

authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP,

MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.

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