Bedienungsanleitung ACV HP300C (Seite 7 von 118) (Englisch, Holländisch, Französisch)

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of electric power). This way, heat pump is able to extract energy from heat sources existing in its environment

without “expenditure”, depending on the type and availability of the heat sources.

HB300(C) heat pump water heater extracts heat from stuffy internal air to be refreshed, thus it adds to

the efficiency increase of water heating. It is possible to select among several different configurations to use

environmental air, which provides multilateral application of the appliance besides different operational

conditions.

HB300(C) heat pump water heater has been planned and manufactured pursuant to specifications on the

energy performance of buildings. The appliance ensures more rational energy use and leads to savings in the

operational costs. As opposed to other alternative systems used to produce sanitary hot water, heat extraction

from free energy sources definitely reduces environmental effects of emissions into the atmosphere.

2.2. Operation explanation

According to the facts mentioned above, the “energetic capacity” of heat

pump is based on heat transfer through heat extraction from free source (in this

case, it is the environmental air) with lower temperature than the material to be

heated (in this case, it is the water in the tank of the water heater). Electric

power is required for the operation of the compressor (that leads to change of

state of matter of the cooling fluid within the cooling circuit), thus for the

transfer of heat energy. Cooling fluid passes along a closed hydraulic circuit

where the fluid changes into liquid or gaseous state of matter in connection with

its temperature and pressure. The main elements of the hydraulic circuit (Figure

2.2-1) are the following:

1 – compressor, which ensures cycle running through increasing the

pressure and the temperature of the cooling fluid (which has a gaseous state of

matter in this cycle).

2 – first heat exchanger located in the water tank of the water heater:

heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the sanitary water to be heated up

is produced on its surface. As in this phase, the state of matter of the warm

cooling fluid changes and it condenses into liquid while transferring its heat to

the water, this heat exchanger is defined as condenser.

3 – expansion valve: it is an equipment through which the cooling fluid

passes just when its pressure and temperature are reducing, following the

expansion of the liquid perceivably as a result of pipe cross-sectional area

increase above the valve.

4 – second heat exchanger located in the upper part of the water heater,

which surface has been increased by fins. The second heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the

cooling fluid and the environmental air drifted artificially by either the free source or by a special fan in a

proper way. As in this phase, the cooling fluid evaporates and extracts heat from the environmental air, this heat

exchanger is defined as evaporator.

As heat energy is able to flow from a higher temperature level to a lower temperature level exclusively,

the temperature of the cooling agent located in the evaporator (4) has to be lower than the environmental air

acting as free source, in the same time, in order to transfer heat, the cooling agent located in the condenser (2)

has to possess a temperature higher than the temperature of the water to be heated in the tank.

The temperature difference within the heat pump circuit is produced by the compressor (1) located

between the evaporator (4) and the condenser (2) and by the expansion valve (3), due to physical features of the

cooling fluid.

The efficiency of the heat pump circuit can be measured by the coefficient of performance

(COP). COP is the ration of incoming energy into the appliance (in this case, it is the heat transferred to the

water to be heated) to the electric power used (by the compressor and the supporting equipment of the

appliance). COP may change depending from the type of the heat pump and the related operational

circumstances. A value of 3 for COP means, for example that the heat pump transfers 3 kWh to the material to

be heated after 1 kWh electric power used, from which 2 kWh is extracted from the free source. The rated COP

values of HB300(C) heat pump water heater are listed in table 2.10.1 containing technical data.

Figure 2.2.-1.

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