As they heat up, the gases formed during combustion undergo an increase in volume and, as a result, have a lower density than the cooler surrounding air.
This difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the flue results in a negative pressure which increases proportionally to the flue pipe length and
the temperature.
The draw of the flue pipe must be able to overcome all resistance from the fume circuit so that any smoke produced inside the stove during combustion is drawn
up and dispersed into the atmosphere through the discharge conduit and the flue pipe itself. There are many meteorological factors that influence the operation of
a flue pipe, rain, fog, snow, altitude, but the most important is the wind, which can cause negative thermal pressure as well as dynamic negative pressure.
The wind action varies depending on whether it is ascending, descending or horizontal.
•Ascending wind always results in an increased negative pressure and draught.
•Horizontal wind results in an increased negative pressure as long as the chimney cowl was properly installed.
•Descending wind always diminishes the negative pressure, sometimes inverting it.
Excess draught causes an increase in the combustion temperature and consequently a loss in stove efficiency.
Some of the combustion gases, as well as small particles of combustible material, are drawn into the flue pipe before being burned,
reducing the stove's efficiency and increasing the consumption of pellets and causing the emission of polluting smoke.
At the same time the high fuel temperature, due to an excess amount of oxygen, wears down the combustion chamber sooner
than expected.
On the other hand, poor draught slows down combustion resulting in a decrease in the stove temperature, fume spillage inside
the room, a loss of stove efficiency and dangerous build-up in the flue pipe.
To avoid excessive draught it is advisable to use a draught regulator (see figure on the side).
06.3 STOVE EFFICIENCY
Paradoxically, highly efficient stoves may pose difficulties for fume extraction.
In order for a flue pipe to work properly its internal temperature must increase as a consequence of the fumes
generated during combustion.
Now, the efficiency of a stove is determined by its capacity to transfer most of the head produced into the
area to be heated: the consequence of this is the greater the efficiency of the stove, the cooler the combustion
smoke residues are and as a result the lesser the draught.
A traditional chimney flue, with a rough design and insulation, is more efficient if used with a traditional open
fireplace or a poor-quality stove where most of the heat is lost with the fumes.
Therefore, purchasing a quality stove often entails modifying the existing chimney flue to obtain a better
insulation, even when it already works properly with old appliances.
Poor draught results in the stove not operating when hot or in smoke spillage.
•Connecting the stove pipe to an existing chimney flue that has already been used with an old appliance
is a common mistake. In this way two solid-fuel appliances share the same chimney flue, which is wrong
and dangerous.
•If the two appliances are used simultaneously, the fume load might exceed the existing chimney flue
capacity resulting in downdraught. If only one appliance is used, the fume heat will facilitate draught but
the cold air coming from the other appliance not in use will cool down exhaust fume temperature again blocking the draught.
•Besides the problems described so far, if the two appliances are placed on different levels the communicating vessel principle might be interfered with, causing
combustion fumes to be drawn in an irregular and unforeseeable way. Installation warnings
06.4 STOVE SPECIFICATIONS FOR FLUE PIPE SIZING
ARIA 30
ARIA 50
Chimney flue draught 13
Pa
Chimney flue draught 10
Pa
Fume temperature 209
°C
Fume temperature 218
°C
Maximum flue gas flow rate 20.9
g/s
Maximum flue gas flow rate 32.5
g/s
IMPORTANT: THE LENGTH OF THE CHIMNEY MUST HAVE A PIPE OF DIAMETER THAT IS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN THAT SPECIFIED FOR
EVERY APPLIANCE. EVERY 90° ELBOW OR (T) COUPLING IS THE EQUIVALENT OF 1 METER OF PIPE.
IN ORDER TO GUARANTEE CORRECT EFFICIENCY OF THE STOVE, ENSURE THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF INSTALLATION BEFORE CONNECTION TO
THE FLUE PIPE:
INSTALL THE PRODUCT WITH AT LEAST ONE (T) AND 1.5 METERS OF PIPE CERTIFIED ACCORDING TO EN 1856-2
07. INSTALLATION WARNINGS
By using coaxial tubes, the air will be pre-warmed contributing to improved combustion and
lower emissions into the atmosphere.
Before installing, the following indications must be met:
Select the position where the stove is to be installed and:
•Arrange the connection to the flue pipe for fume extraction.
•Arrange the external air intake (combustion air).
•Arrange the connection to the earthed mains.
•The electrical system of the room where the stove is to be installed must be earthed,
otherwise the control board may not work properly.
•Place the stove on the floor in a convenient position for the connection to the flue pipe and
close to the combustion air intake.
•The appliance must be installed on a floor with an adequate loading-bearing capacity.
•Should the existing floor not comply with the requirement above, proper measurements
must be taken (for instance, the installation of a load distribution plate).
•All the structures which could catch fire if exposed to excessive heat must be protected. Floors made from wood or inflammable materials must be protected
using non-combustible materials (e.g. 4mm-thick sheet metal or ceramic glass).
•The appliance installation must ensure easy access for cleaning the stove, exhaust pipes and flue pipe.
•This appliance is not suitable to be installed on a shared flue pipe.
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