Bedienungsanleitung Knex 78620 - Education Intro to Wheels and Axles and Inclined Planes Teachers Guide (Seite 12 von 49) (Englisch)

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wheels and axles and inclined planes

website: www.knexeducation.co.uk

Lesson 2: The Well

Teacher’s Notes

Children will be familiar with wheels

through Design and Technology Unit

2A: Vehicles, through playing with toys,

pushing trolleys or journey’s in cars

and they may have an understanding

of the terms ‘wheels and axles’. They

may not, however, recognise that the

circular (rotary) movement made by

a handle when it turns is the same

movement as that made by a wheel.

It may be necessary to explain to the

children that wheels are not necessarily

solid circles but that they can also be

the circular shape traced out by a

handle. A handle could be described

as a ‘one spoke’ wheel.

It is important to note there is a

difference between the wheel and

axle used in trolleys, prams and

wheelbarrows etc. and a wheel and

axle mechanism. In wheelbarrows

and trolleys, the wheel and axle has

only one main function and that is to

overcome, or reduce, friction. When

the wheel turns, it turns alone - the

axle is stationary. The wheel and

axle used in mechanisms such as a

waterwheel or the winch of a well,

enables you to transmit forces.

For example, in the well winding

mechanism, the use of a long handle

makes it much easier for you to lift

a heavy load. At the same time, it

converts the rotary motion of the

handle into a vertical, linear movement

for the object being raised.

If time allows, children could be

encouraged to carry out some research

using the school library or the Internet

to find other examples of winding

mechanisms.

Whole Class

 •Talkabouthowthewellwindingmechanismhasanaxle

that is turned by a wheel – the handle.

 •Askthechildrentothinkofexamplesofmachinesthey

know that use wheels and axles. Provide pictures

and examples.

 •Askthechildrentoimaginethattheyareturningalarge

handle in the air in front of them. Ask them what is the

shape they have traced.

Let’s Investigate!

Working in Groups of 2-3

 •DistributeaK’NEXWheels&AxlesandInclinedPlanes

building kit to each group.

 • Explainthattheywillbuildthemodelofawellinwhich

a wheel and axle system is used to raise and lower

a bucket.

 • AskthechildrentobuildtheirK’NEXWell(Pages2-3

of the Building Instructions booklet). Allow about 15 to

20 minutes building time. If time is a concern, ask the

children to divide up the building process. One child, for

example, can build Steps 1-3 and the other, Steps 4-7.

 • Askthechildrentoidentifythewheelandaxlein

their machine.

 • Allowthemsometimetoinvestigatehowthe

mechanism works by lifting the paper cup and 200g

mass placed in the ‘bucket.’

 • Askthechildrentoobservewhathappenswhenthey

make the winding mechanism work.

* Describe the shape made by the turning handle.

* In which direction does the ‘bucket’ move when

the handle is turned first in one direction and

then in the opposite direction?

* A circle.

* Up and down; in a straight line.

You may find it useful to write the

activities on the board as a reference

for later class discussions.

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