Bedienungsanleitung Kona 2022 (Seite 40 von 45) (Englisch)

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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL

Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, another cyclist or

other object. At any speed above a fast walk, your body

will continue to move forward, the momentum carrying

you over the front of the bike. You cannot and will not

stay on the bike, and what happens to the frame, fork

and other components is irrelevant to what happens to

your body.

What should you expect from your metal frame? It

depends on many complex factors, which is why we tell

you that crashworthiness cannot be a design criteria. With

that important note, we can tell you that if the impact is

hard enough, the fork or frame may be bent or buckled.

On a steel bike, the steel fork may be severely bent and

the frame undamaged. Aluminum is less ductile than

steel, but you can expect the fork and frame to be bent

or buckled. Hit harder and the top tube may be broken in

tension and the down tube buckled. Hit even harder still

and the top tube may be broken, the down tube buckled

and broken, leaving the head tube and fork separated

from the main triangle.

When a metal bike crashes, you will usually see some evi-

dence of this ductility in bent, buckled or folded metal.

It is now common for the main frame to be made of metal

and the fork of carbon ber. See Section B, Understanding

Composites below. The relative ductility of metals and

the lack of ductility of carbon ber means that in a crash

scenario you can expect some bending or bucking in

the metal but none in the carbon. Below a certain load

the carbon fork may be intact even though the frame is

damaged. Above a certain load the carbon fork will be

completely broken

bicycles, steel has been largely replaced by aluminum and

occasionally titanium. The main factor driving this change

is interest by cycling enthusiasts in lighter bicycles.

Properties of Metals

Please understand that there is no simple statement that

can be made that characterizes the use of different metals

for bicycles. What is true is how the metal chosen is ap-

plied is much more important than the material alone. It's

important to consider how the bike is designed, tested,

manufactured, and supported along with the characteris-

tics of the metal rather than seeking a simplistic answer.

Metals vary widely in their resistance to corrosion. Steel

must be protected or rust will attack it. Aluminum and

titanium quickly develop an oxide lm that protects the

metal from further corrosion. Both are therefore quite

resistant to corrosion. Aluminum is not perfectly corro-

sion resistant, and particular care must be used where it

contacts other metals and galvanic corrosion can occur.

Metals are comparatively ductile. Ductile means bending,

buckling and stretching before breaking. Generally speaking,

of the common bicycle frame building materials, steel is the

most ductile, titanium less ductile, followed by aluminum

Metals vary in density. Density is weight per unit of mate-

rial. Steel weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic cen-

timeter), titanium 4.5 grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/

cm3. Contrast these numbers with carbon ber composite

at 1.45 grams/cm3.

Metals are subject to fatigue. With enough cycles of use,

at high enough loads, metals will eventually develop

cracks that lead to failure. It is very important that you

read the section following this one, titled "The Basics of

Metal Fatigue."

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