Bedienungsanleitung Kona 2022 (Seite 41 von 45) (Englisch)

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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL

The Basics of Metal Fatigue

Common sense tells us that nothing that is used lasts forever.

The more you use something, and the harder you use it, and

the worse the conditions you use it in, the shorter its life

Fatigue is the term used to describe accumulated damage

to a part caused by repeated loading. To cause fatigue

damage, the load the part receives must be great enough.

A crude, often-used example is bending a paper clip

back and forth (repeated loading) until it breaks. This

simple denition will help you understand that fatigue has

nothing to do with time or age. A bicycle in a garage does

not fatigue. Fatigue happens only through use.

So what kind of “damage” are we talking about? On a

microscopic level, a crack forms in a highly stressed area.

As the load is repeatedly applied, the crack grows. At some

point the crack becomes visible to the naked eye. Eventually

it becomes so large that the part is too weak to carry the

load that it could carry without the crack. At that point there

can be a complete and immediate failure of the part

One can design a part that is so strong that fatigue life is

nearly innite. This requires a lot of material and a lot of

weight. Any structure that must be light and strong will have a

nite fatigue life. Aircraft, race cars, motorcycles all have parts

with nite fatigue lives. If you wanted a bicycle with an innite

fatigue life, it would weigh far more than any bicycle sold

today. So we all make a tradeoff: the wonderful, lightweight

performance we want requires that we inspect the structure

In most cases a fatigue crack is not a defect. It is a sign

that the part has been worn out, a sign the part has

reached the end of its useful life. When your car tires

wear down to the point that the tread bars are contact-

ing the road, those tires are not defective. Those tires are

worn out and the tread bar says “time for replacement.”

When a metal part shows a fatigue crack, it is worn out.

The crack says “time for replacement.”

Fatigue Is Not A Perfectly Predictable Science

Fatigue is not a perfectly predictable science, but here are

some general factors to help you and your dealer determine

how often your bicycle should be inspected. The more you

fall within the "Factors that shorten product life" column

above, the more frequent your need to inspect. The more

you t within the “lengthen product life” column, the less

frequent your need to inspect

WARNING: Do not ride a bicycle or component with

any crack, bulge or dent, even a small one. Riding a

cracked frame, fork or component could lead to com-

plete failure, with risk of serious injury or death.

B) UNDERSTANDING COMPOSITES

All riders must understand a fundamental reality

of composites: composite materials constructed of

carbon bers are strong and light but when crashed or

overloaded, carbon bers do not bend, they break.

What Are Composites?

The term “composites” refers to a part or parts being

made up of different materials. You’ve heard the term

“carbon ber bike.” This really means “composite bike.”

Carbon ber composites are typically a strong, light ber

in a matrix of plastic, molded to form a shape. Carbon

composites are lightweight relative to metals. Steel

weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter),

titanium 4.5 grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/cm3. Con-

trast these numbers with carbon ber composite at 1.45

grams/cm3.

The composites with the best strength-to-weight ratios

are made of carbon ber in a matrix of epoxy plastic. The

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