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D. Combustible/Non-combustible Materials
Combustible Material
Material made of or surfaced with wood, compressed
paper, plant bers, plastics, or any material capable
of igniting and burning, whether ame-proofed or not,
plastered or non-plastered.
Non-combustible Material
Material which will not ignite and burn. Such materials
are those consisting entirely of steel, iron, brick, tile,
slate, glass or plasters, or any combination thereof.
Non-combustible Sealant Material
Sealants which will not ignite and burn: Rutland, Inc.
Fireplace Mortar #63, Rutland 76R, Nuex 304, GE
RTV106 or GE RTB116 (or equivalent).
E. Seasoned Wood
Burn only dry seasoned wood. Store wood under cover,
out of the rain and snow. Dry and well-seasoned wood will
not only minimize the chance of creosote formation, but will
give you the most e󰀩cient re. Even dry wood contains at
least 15% moisture by weight, and should be burned hot
enough to keep the chimney hot for as long as it takes to
dry the wood out - about one hour. It is a waste of energy to
burn unseasoned wood of any kind.
Dead wood lying on the forest oor should be considered
wet, and requires full seasoning time. Standing dead wood
can be considered to be about 2/3 seasoned. To tell if wood
is dry enough to burn, check the ends of the logs. If there
are cracks radiating in all directions from the center, it is dry.
If your wood sizzles in the re, even though the surface is
dry, it may not be fully cured.
Splitting wood before it is stored reduces drying time.
Wood should be stacked so that both ends of each piece
are exposed to air, since more drying occurs through the
cut ends than the sides. This is true even with wood that
has been split. Store wood under cover, such as in a shed,
or covered with a tarp, plastic, tar paper, sheets of scrap
plywood, etc., as uncovered wood can absorb water from
rain or snow, delaying the seasoning process.
Hearth & Home Technologies WILL NOT warranty stoves
that exhibit evidence of over-ring. Evidence of over-
ring includes, but is not limited to:
Warped air tube
Deteriorated refractory brick retainers
Deteriorated ba󰀪e and other interior components
2. What To Do if Your Stove is Over-Firing
- Immediately close the door and air controls to reduce
air supply to the re.
- If you suspect a chimney re, call the re department
and evacuate your house.
- Contact your local chimney professional and have
your stove and stove pipe inspected for any damage.
- Do not use your stove until the chimney professional
informs you it is safe to do so.
F. Burning Process
In recent years there has been an increasing concern
about air quality. Much of the blame for poor air quality
has been placed on the burning of wood for home heating.
In order to improve the situation, we at Vermont Castings
have developed cleaner-burning wood appliances that
surpass the requirements for emissions established by
our governing agencies. These wood appliances must be
properly operated in order to ensure that they perform the
way they are designed to perform.
1. Kindling or First Stage
It helps to know a little about the actual process of
burning in order to understand what goes on inside
a appliance. The rst stage of burning is called the
kindling stage. In this stage, the wood is heated to a
temperature high enough to evaporate the moisture
which is present in all wood. The wood will reach the
boiling point of water (212°F) and will not get any hotter
until the water is evaporated. This process takes heat
from the coals and tends to cool the appliance.
Fire requires three things to burn - fuel, air and heat. So,
if heat is robbed from the appliance during the drying
stage, the new load of wood has reduced the chances
for a good clean burn. For this reason, it is always best
to burn dry, seasoned rewood. When the wood isn’t
dry, you must open the air controls and burn at a high
burn setting for a longer time to start it burning. The
heat generated from the re should be warming your
home and establishing the ue draft, not evaporating
the moisture out of wet, unseasoned wood, resulting in
wasted heat.
2. Second Stage
The next stage of burning, the secondary stage, is
the period when the wood gives o󰀨 ammable gases
which burn above the fuel with bright ames. During this
stage of burning it is very important that the ames be
maintained and not allowed to go out. This will ensure
the cleanest possible re.
3. Final Stage
The nal stage of burning is the charcoal stage. This
occurs when the ammable gases have been mostly
burned and only charcoal remains. This is a naturally
clean portion of the burn. The coals burn with hot
blue ames.
It is very important to reload your appliance while
enough lively hot coals remain in order to provide the
amount of heat needed to dry and rekindle the next
load of wood. It is best to activate the start-up air control
before reloading (Figure 11.1). This livens up the coal
bed and reduces excessive emissions (opacity/smoke).
Open door slowly so that ash or smoke does not exit
appliance through opening. You should also break up
any large chunks and distribute the coals so that the
new wood is laid on hot coals.
NOTICE: Improper operation can turn any wood
appliance into a smoldering environmental hazard.
10

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