70 SK
1HSRXåtYDQp QiĜDGt XORåWH 1iVWURMH NWHUp QHMVRX
PRPHQWiOQČ SRXåtYiQ\ E\ PČO\ EêW XFKRYiYiQ\ QD
VXFKpPX]DP\NDWHOQpPPtVWČ]GRVDKXGČWt
1HY\YtMHMWHQHSĜLPČĜHQRXVtOXQDQiVWURM-HQWDNEXGH
PRåQRSUiFLSURYiGČWOpSHDU\FKOHML
3RXåtYHMWH VSUiYQê QiVWURM 3UiFH NWHUp EXGRX OpSH
Y\NRQiYiQ\VQiĜDGtPRY\VRNpPYêNRQXE\QHPČO\
EêW UHDOL]RYiQ\ PDOêPL QiVWURML 1iĜDGt QHSRXåtYHMWH
NMLQpPX~þHOXRNUXåQtPLSLODPLQDSĜQHĜHåWHSDĜH]\
QHERNPHQ\VWURPĤ
1RVWH YKRGQp REOHþHQt 9ROQp REOHþHQt QHER ãSHUN\
NWHUp VH PRKRX ]DFK\WLW Y SRK\EOLYêFK GtOHFK QHMVRX
YKRGQp 3UR SUiFL YHQNX VH GRSRUXþXMH SURWLVNOX]RYi
REXY'ORXKpYODV\MHWĜHED]DNUêWVtĢNRXQDYODV\
3RXåtYHMWHRFKUDQQpSURVWĜHGN\1RVWHRFKUDQQpEUêOH
REOLþHMRYRX PDVNX QHER UHVSLUiWRU MHVWOLåH SĜL ĜH]iQt
Y]QLNiSUDFK
3ĜLSRMWH ]DĜt]HQt SUR RGViYiQt SUDFKX 0iWHOL N
GLVSR]LFL ]DĜt]HQt SUR RGViYiQt SUDFKX ]DMLVWČWH DE\
E\O\SĜLSRMHQ\DVSUiYQČSRXåtYiQ\
6 NDEHOHP ]DFKi]HMWH RSDWUQČ 6tĢRYRX ]iVWUþNX
QLNG\ QHY\WDKXMWH ]H ]iVXYN\ ]D NDEHO 'EHMWH QD WR
DE\NDEHO QHSĜLãHO GR VW\NXV KRUNHP ROHML DRVWUêPL
KUDQDPL
=DMLVWČWH YDãH SUDFRYQt SURVWĜHGN\ -HOL WR PRåQp
XSQČWHMHVYRUNDPLQHERGRVYČUiNX-HWRMLVWČMãtQHå
YDãtUXNRX
3ĜtOLã VH QHSĜHGNOiQČMWH 6WiOH GEHMWH QD EH]SHþQê
SRVWRMDURYQRYiKX
6 QiĜDGtP ]DFKi]HMWH VYČGRPLWČ 'EHMWH DE\ ĜH]Qp
QiVWURMH E\O\ RVWUp D þLVWp DE\ E\OR PRåQR SUDFRYDW
OpSH D EH]SHþQČML 'RGUåXMWH SRN\Q\ WêNDMtFt VH ROHMH
D YêPČQ\ SĜtVOXãHQVWYt 9 SUDYLGHOQêFK þDVRYêFK
LQWHUYDOHFK NRQWUROXMWH VtĢRYp NDEHO\ D SRåiGHMWH
DXWRUL]RYDQê]iND]QLFNêVHUYLVRYêPČQXWČFKWRNDEHOĤ
Y SĜtSDGČ MHMLFK SRãNR]HQt 9 SUDYLGHOQêFK þDVRYêFK
LQWHUYDOHFKNRQWUROXMWH SURGOXåRYDFt NDEHO\DY\PČĖWH
MH Y SĜtSDGČ MHMLFK SRãNR]HQt 'EHMWH QD WR DE\ E\O\
UXNRMHWLVXFKpþLVWpD]EDYHQpROHMHDPD]DGHO
1iĜDGt Y\StQHMWH ]H VtWČ 3ĜHG ~GUåERX QiVWURMĤ þL
YêPČQRXSĜtVOXãHQVWYt MDNR MVRX þHSHOH RVWĜtD GDOãt
GtO\ MH QXWQR Y\WiKQRXW VtĢRYRX ]iVWUþNX ]H ]iVXYN\
7RWpåSODWtLYSĜtSDGČNG\QHMVRXQiVWURMHSRXåtYiQ\
2GVWUDĖWHVHĜL]RYDFtDPDWLFRYpNOtþH3ĜHG]DSQXWtP
]DĜt]HQt VL QDY\NQČWH NRQWURORYDW ]GD MVRX ] QČM
RGVWUDQČQ\VHĜL]RYDFtDPDWLFRYpNOtþH
9\KQČWH VH VSXãWČQt ]DĜt]HQt QHGRSDWĜHQtP 3ĜHG
]DVWUþHQtPVtĢRYp]iVWUþN\GR ]iVXYN\SĜHNRQWUROXMWH
]GDMHVStQDþ=$39<3YSROR]HÃ9<3µ
3RXåtYHMWH YHQNRYQt SURGOXåRYDFt NDEHO\ 3ĜL SUiFL
YHQNX SRXåtYHMWH MHQ YHQNRYQt SURGOXåRYDFt NDEHO\
NWHUpMVRXSĜtVOXãQČR]QDþHQ\
%XćWHSR]RUQt'iYHMWHSR]RUQDWRFRGČOiWH.SUiFL
SĜLVWXSXMWH V UR]XPHP QiVWURMH QHSRXåtYHMWH MVWHOL
XQDYHQt
3URYiGČMWHNRQWUROXSRãNR]HQtGtOĤ3ĜHGSRXåLWtPQiĜDGt
E\VWHPČOLSHþOLYČSĜHNRQWURORYDW]GDIXQJXMHVSUiYQČ
Y VRXODGX VH VYêP ~þHOHP SRXåLWt 3ĜHNRQWUROXMWH
Y\URYQiQt SRK\EOLYêFK GtOĤ MHMLFK XSHYQČQt D GDOãt
IDNWRU\ NWHUp E\ PRKO\ RYOLYQLW SURYR] 3RãNR]HQê
RFKUDQQêSOHFKQHERMLQpGtO\PXVtEêWRSUDYHQ\QHER
Y\PČQČQ\ ]iND]QLFNêP VHUYLVHP SRNXG QHQt MLQDN
XYHGHQRYWRPWRQiYRGX
• 9DURYiQt 1HGRSRUXþXMH VH SRXåtYiQt MLQêFK GtOĤ
SĜtVOXãHQVWYt QHER QiVWDYFĤ QHå XYHGHQêFK Y WRPWR
QiYRGX N REVOX]H SURWRåH Y VREČ VNUêYDMt UL]LNR
SRUDQČQt
1iĜDGtQHFKiYHMWHRSUDYRYDWNYDOL¿NRYDQêPLRGERUQtN\
7RWR HOHNWULFNp QiĜDGt RGSRYtGi SĜtVOXãQêP SUDYLGOĤP
EH]SHþQRVWL 2SUDY\ E\ PČO\ EêW SURYiGČQ\ SRX]H
NYDOL¿NRYDQêPL SUDFRYQtN\ ]D SRXåLWt RULJLQiOQtFK
QiKUDGQtFK GtOĤ 9 RSDþQpP SĜtSDGČ VH XåLYDWHO
Y\VWDYXMH]QDþQêPQHEH]SHþtP
=YOiãWQtEH]SHþQRVWQtSĜHGSLV\SURGHNXStURYDFtSLO\
7DWRGHNXStURYDFtSLODVPtEêWSRXåtYiQDMHQYVXFKêFK
PtVWQRVWHFKQLNROLYYHQNX
9QČSOHFKRYpKRNU\WXSLORYpKROLVWXQHĜHåWHSĜHGPČW\
NWHUpMVRXSĜtOLãPDOpQDWRDE\MHE\ORPRåQRSHYQČ
GUåHWYUXFH
5XNX QHQHFKiYHMWH Y QHEH]SHþQêFK SRORKiFK NG\
E\ VH PRKOD SĜL QiKOpP VNORX]QXWt VQDGQR GRVWDW N
SLORYpPXOLVWX
9åG\SUDFXMWHVSOHFKRYêPNU\WHPEUiQtFtP SRUDQČQt
SĜLUR]WUåHQtSLORYpKROLVWX
1LNG\ QHRSRXãWČMWH VYp SUDFRYLãWČ MHOL GHNXStURYDFt
SLOD]DSQXWiQHERVHVWURMMHãWČ~SOQČQH]DVWDYLO
%ČKHP SURYR]X ĜH]QpKR QiVWURMH QHVPtWH QD VWROX
SLO\ SURYiGČW åiGQp JUD¿FNp PRQWiåQt þL NRQVWUXNþQt
SUiFH
'HNXStURYDFtSLOX]DSQČWHWHSUYHWHKG\DåMVWH]HVWROX
RGVWUDQLOL YãHFKQ\ SĜHGPČW\ QiĜDGt GĜHYČQp WĜtVN\
DWGVYêMLPNRXRSUDFRYiYDQpKRSĜHGPČWXD]DĜt]HQt
SURSRGiYiQtþLSRGORåHQt
m 3RXåLWtNXUþHQpPX~þHOX
6WURMRGSRYtGiSODWQpVPČUQLFL(8SURVWURMH
6WURM SRXåtYHMWH MHQ Y WHFKQLFN\ EH]YDGQpP VWDYX Y
VRXODGXVMHKR~þHOHPVYČGRPtPKOHGLVHNEH]SHþQRVWL
DPRåQêFKQHEH]SHþtSĜLGRGUåHQtQiYRGXNREVOX]H
1HRGNODGQČ RGVWUDĖWH QHFKHMWH RGVWUDQLW ]HMPpQD
SRUXFK\ NWHUp PRKRX QHJDWLYQČ RYOLYQLW EH]SHþQRVW
SUiFHVHVWURMHP
'RGUåRYiQ\ PXVt EêW SĜHGSLV\ YêUREFH WêNDMtFt VH
EH]SHþQRVWLSUiFHD~GUåE\MDNRåLUR]PČU\XYHGHQpY
WHFKQLFNêFK~GDMtFK
0XVtEêWUHVSHNWRYiQ\SĜtVOXãQpEH]SHþQRVWQtSĜHGSLV\
D RVWDWQt YãHREHFQČ X]QiYDQi EH]SHþQRVWQČ
WHFKQLFNiSUDYLGOD
6WURMVPtEêWSRXåtYiQXGUåRYiQQHERRSUDYRYiQMHQ
RVREDPL NWHUp MVRX REH]QiPHQ\ V QtP L PRåQêPL
QHEH]SHþtPL 6YpYROQp ~SUDY\ VWURMH ]EDYXMt YêUREFH
UXþHQt]DQiVOHGQpãNRG\
6WURMVPtEêWSRXåtYiQMHQVRULJLQiOQtPSĜtVOXãHQVWYtP
DRULJLQiOQtPLQiVWURMLYêUREFH
6WURMQHY\VWDYXMWHSĤVREHQtYOKNRVWLDQHSRXåtYHMWHMHM
YEOt]NRVWLVQDGQR]iSDOQêFKNDSDOLQQHERSO\QĤ
6WURMQLNG\QHSRXåtYHMWHYHQNXSRNXGWRQHSĜLSRXãWČMt
REHFQp SRYČWUQRVWQt SRGPtQN\ D SRGPtQN\ åLYRWQtKR
SURVWĜHGtQDSĜYêEXãQpRY]GXãtEČKHPERXĜN\QHER
]DGHãWČ
9KRGQČ VH REOpNHMWH 1HQRVWH ãLURNp UXNiY\ ãiWN\
NUDYDW\ ĜHWt]N\ QHER QiUDPN\ NWHUp PKRX EêW
]DFK\FHQ\SRK\EXMtFtPLVHGtO\VWURMH
6WiOH SRXåtYHMWH RVREQt RFKUDQQp SURVWĜHGN\
SĜHGSLVRYpRFKUDQQpEUêOHUXNDYLFHVSUiYQpYHOLNRVWL
YQLWĜQtþLYHQNRYQtFKUiQLþHVOXFKXMHOLWRQXWQpþHSLFL
NU\MtFtYODV\
'iYHMWHSR]RUQDVtĢRYêNDEHOQLNG\QHVPtEêWSRXåLW
NQDG]GYLKQXWtVWURMHþL Y\WDåHQt]iVWUþN\]H]iVXYN\
&KUDĖWHMHMSĜHGRVWUêPLKUDQDPLROHMHPDSĜHKĜiWtP
-HOL QXWQR SRXåtW SURGOXåRYDFt NDEHO\ SRXåtYHMWH MHQ
RYČĜHQpYêUREN\
