72 SK
3URGOXåRYDFt NDEHO PXVt EêW QD MHGQRP NRQFL RSDWĜHQ
X]HPĖRYDFt]iVWUþNRXNWHUiRGSRYtGi]iVXYFHHOHNWULFNp
VtWČ1DGUXKpPNRQFLPXVtEêWNDEHOSĜLSRMHQN]iVWUþFH
VWURMH 3ĜL SRãNR]HQtFK NDEHOX VH REUDĢWH QD 9iã
]iND]QLFNêVHUYLV
1DVWDYHQtGHVN\VWROXREU
3RYROWHSiþNXDUHWDFHVWROXDSRORKXVWROXSLO\VHĜLćWH
WDNDE\VWĤOVYtUDOSĜLEOLåQČSUDYê~KHOVSLORYêPOLVWHP
.QDVWDYHQtVWROXGR~KOXNSLORYpPXOLVWXSRXåLMWH
PDORXãDEORQXQDPČĜHQt~KOĤ
-DNPLOH GRViKQHWH SĜHVQpKR QDVWDYHQt XWiKQČWH
SiþNXDUHWDFHVWROX
3RYROWHãURXEEORNXMtFtXND]DWHONWHUêQDVWDYWHQD
âURXEXWiKQČWH
3RN\Q\NSUiFL
3UiFHVHVWURMHP
3ĜHGXYHGHQtPVWURMHGRSURYR]XVLSĜHþWČWHQiVOHGXMtFt
LQIRUPDFHNSUiFLVGHNXStURYDFtSLORX
2IXNRYiQtSUDFKXREU
3UXåQi KDGLþND E\ PČOD EêW XPtVWČQD WDN DE\
VPČĜRYDODQDSLORYêOLVWDRSUDFRYiYDQêNXVDRIXNRYDOD
SLOLQ\]OLQLHĜH]X
6StQDþSURQDVWDYHQtSURPČQOLYpU\FKORVWLREU
3LOD MH Y\EDYHQD RYOiGDFtP NQRÀtNHP SO\QXOpKR
QDVWDYHQtU\FKORVWL5\FKORVW]GYLKXSLORYpKROLVWXO]H
PČQLWSURVWêPRWRþHQtPNQRÀtNX.H]YêãHQtU\FKORVWLMtP
RWiþHMWHYHVPČUXRWiþHQtKRGLQRYêFKUXþLþHN&KFHWHOL
U\FKORVWVQtåLWRWiþHMWHRYOiGDFtPNQRÀtNHPSURWLVPČUX
RWiþHQtKRGLQRYêFKUXþLþHN
8ORåHQtSLORYpKROLVWXDLQEXVRYêFKNOtþĤREU
0tVWR SUR XORåHQt SLORYêFK OLVWĤ VH QDFKi]t YOHYR
Y]DGXQDWČOXSLO\7DPPRKRXEêWXORåHQ\LLQEXVRYp
NOtþH
0tVWR SUR XORåHQt LQEXVRYpKR NOtþH YH WYDUX 7 VH
QDFKi]tYSUDYRY]DGXQDWČOXSLO\
=iNODG\REVOXK\
'HNXStURYDFt SLOD MH Y SRGVWDWČ ªQiVWURM SUR Y\ĜH]iYiQt
NĜLYHN©NWHURXDOHPĤåHWHSURYiGČWWDNpURYQpDãLNPp
ĜH]\ 3ĜHG XYHGHQtP SLO\ GR SURYR]X E\VWH VH PČOL
VH]QiPLWVQiVOHGXMtFtPLGĤOHåLWêPLERG\
'ĜHYRPXVtWHYpVWUXNRXSURWLSLORYpPXOLVWX
.ĜH]iQtGRFKi]tSRX]H EČKHP SRK\EX SLORYpKR OLVWX
VPČUHPGROĤ
'ĜHYRYHćWHSURWLSLORYpPXOLVWXSRX]HSRPDOXSURWRåH
]XE\SLORYpKR OLVWX MVRX PDOp DSURYiGtĜH]SRX]HSĜL
VYpPSRK\EXGROĤ
.DåGi RVRED NWHUi V WRXWR SLORX SUDFXMH SRWĜHEXMH
]DãNROHQt 3RNXG QHQt REVOXKD MHãWČ VH VWURMHP
REH]QiPHQD PĤåH EČKHP GRE\ ]DãNROHQt VQDGQR
GRMtWNSUDVNQXWtSLORYêFKOLVWĤ
3LOD MH QHMYKRGQČMãt SUR ĜH]iQt GĜHYČQêFK GHVHN V
WORXãĢNRXPHQãtQHåFP
3RNXG E\VWH FKWČOL ĜH]DW GĜHYČQp GHVN\ R WORXãĢFH
YČWãtQHåFPSRVRXYHMWHGĜHYRSURWLSLORYpPXOLVWX
]YOiãWČSRPDOXD]DPH]WHQiKOêP]iK\EĤPDE\SLORYê
OLVWQHSUDVNO
=XE\SLORYpKROLVWXVHþDVHPRWXStSLORYpOLVW\VHPXVt
Y\PČQLW3LORYpOLVW\SRVWDþXMtQDòKRGLQ\WUYDOpKR
SURYR]XSRGOHGUXKXGĜHYD
=D ~þHOHP GRFtOHQt SĜHVQpKR ĜH]X GEHMWH QD WR DE\
SLORYêOLVWVWiOHNRStURYDONUHVEXGĜHYD
3ĜL ĜH]iQt NRYĤ D QHåHOH]QêFK NRYĤ MH QXWQR SRXåtW
VSHFLiOQtSLORYpOLVW\NURPČWRKRVHPXVtVQtåLWU\FKORVW
ĜH]iQt 3ĜL ĜH]iQt NRYX SRXåtYHMWH N PD]iQt SLORYpKR
OLVWXYþHOtYRVN
9QLWĜQtĜH]\REU
'RRSUDFRYiYDQpKR NXVXY\YUWHMWHRWYRUR SUĤPČUX
PP
3RYROWHU\FKORXStQDFtSiþNX D Y\MPČWH OLVW YL]
³9êPČQDSLORYpKROLVWX´
2SUDFRYiYDQêNXVSRORåWHQDVWĤOSLO\RWYRUHPQDG
ãWČUELQXYSUDFRYQtPVWROH
3LORYêOLVWSURVWUþWHRWYRUHPYREURENXDãWČUELQRX
SURSLORYêOLVWDU\FKORXStQDFtSiþNXVWODþWHVPČUHP
GROĤ
3URYHćWHĜH]\
3ĜL XNRQþHQt YQLWĜQtKR ĜH]X VWURM Y\SQČWH SLORYê OLVW
Y\MPČWH ] XFK\FHQt D RSUDFRYiYDQê NXV RGORåWH ]H
VWROX
ěH]\SRG~KOHPREU
9DURYiQt3ĜHGPDQLSXODFtVHVWURMHPYêPČQRXSLORYpKR
OLVWXþLSURYiGČQtPQDVWDYHQtVHXMLVWČWHåHMHVStQDþY
SROR]H9<3D]iVWUþNDSĜtYRGQtãĖĤU\Y\WDåHQi]DEUiQtWH
WDNSRUDQČQtP]SĤVREHQêPQiKRGQêPVSXãWČQtPVWURMH
.U\WSLORYpKROLVWXXPtVWČWHGRQHMY\ããtSRORK\WtP
åHXStQDFtãURXESRYROtWHDRSČWGRWiKQHWH
3RYROHQtPNQRÀtNXDUHWDFHVWROXQDNORĖWHVWĤOSLO\
GR SRåDGRYDQpKR ~KOX ]D SRXåLWt VWXSQLFH D
MHMtKRXND]DWHOH
.QRÀtNDUHWDFHVWROXRSČWXWiKQČWH
3URYHćWHĜH]\
9êPČQDSLORYpKROLVWX
9DURYiQt 3ĜHG YêPČQRX SLORYpKR VH XMLVWČWH åH MH
VStQDþYSROR]H9<3D]iVWUþNDSĜtYRGQtãĖĤU\Y\WDåHQi
]DEUiQtWH WDN SRUDQČQtP ]SĤVREHQêP QiKRGQêP
VSXãWČQtPVWURMH
m 3ĜLSRMHQtNHOHNWULFNpVtWL
3UDYLGHOQČNRQWUROXMWHHOHNWULFNiSĜtSRMQiYHGHQtDE\VWH
]MLVWLOL]GDQHMVRXSRãNR]HQi'EHMWHQDWRDE\SĜtSRMQp
YHGHQtQHE\ORSĜLNRQWUROH]DSRMHQRGRHOHNWULFNpVtWČ
1DLQVWDORYDQê HOHNWURPRWRU MH ]H ]iYRGX ]DSRMHQ YH
VWDYXSĜLSUDYHQpPNSURYR]X
(OHNWULFNi SĜtSRMQi YHGHQt PXVt RGSRYtGDW SĜtVOXãQêP
SĜHGSLVĤP9'(D',13RXåtYHMWHSRX]HSĜtSRMQiYHGHQt
V R]QDþHQtP + 51 1iWLVN W\SRYpKR R]QDþHQt QD
SĜtYRGQtPNDEHOXMHGiQSĜHGSLVHP
7ČPWR SĜHGSLVĤP PXVt RGSRYtGDW VtĢRYi SĜtSRMND
]iND]QtNDMDNRåLSRXåLWpSURGOXåRYDFtYHGHQt
'ĤOHåLWpSRN\Q\
9DURYiQt 3RXåtYHMWH RFKUDQQê YRGLþ DE\VWH ]DEUiQLOL
ãNRGiP ]SĤVREHQêP HOHNWULFNêP SURXGHP QHEH]SHþt
Y]QLNXSRåiUXQHERSRãNR]HQtVWURMH
9iã VWURM E\O Y ]iYRGX ]NRQVWUXRYiQ SUR SURYR]
9 3ĜLSRMXMWH MHM SRX]H N HOHNWULFNp VtWL R QDSČWt 9
3RXåtYHMWH SRPDORX SRMLVWNX $ QHER MLVWLþ $E\VWH
]DEUiQLOL~UD]XHOHNWULFNêPSURXGHPQHERY]QLNXSRåiUX
LKQHGY\PČĖWHSRãNR]HQêQHERRSRWĜHERYDQêNDEHO
3ĜL SĜHWtåHQt PRWRU DXWRPDWLFN\ Y\SQH 3R XUþLWp GREČ
Y\FKODGQXWtþDVRYČUĤ]QpO]HPRWRU]QRYX]DSQRXW
3RãNR]HQpHOHNWULFNpSĜtSRMQpYHGHQt
